{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:05:44Z","timestamp":1788815144445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,9,7]],"date-time":"2027-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1820275200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":371,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002894","name":"AAAAI Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002894","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T23:46:10Z","timestamp":1779839170000},"page":"2000-2009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Grammatikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ballow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Barmettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12121314","article-title":"Immunosenescence: aging and immune system decline","volume":"12","author":"Goyani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1490302","article-title":"The 3 I\u2019s of immunity and aging: immunosenescence, inflammaging, and immune resilience","volume":"5","author":"Wrona","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1637191","article-title":"Mechanistic insights and biomarker discovery in immune cell aging and age-associated diseases","volume":"16","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-017-0006-x","article-title":"The twilight of immunity: emerging concepts in aging of the immune system","volume":"19","author":"Nikolich-\u017dugich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101422","article-title":"Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity?","volume":"71","author":"Santoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.05.059","article-title":"Guidelines for minimal information on cellular senescence experimentation in vivo","volume":"187","author":"Ogrodnik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI158450","article-title":"Cellular senescence: a key therapeutic target in aging and diseases","volume":"132","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2588","article-title":"Understanding immunosenescence to improve responses to vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Goronzy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0180-1","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying T cell ageing","volume":"19","author":"Goronzy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20251805","article-title":"Molecular and phenotypic blueprint of human hematopoiesis links proliferation stress to stem cell aging","volume":"223","author":"Lettera","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20012","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116110108","article-title":"Human bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells are increased in frequency and myeloid-biased with age","volume":"108","author":"Pang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101721-064501","article-title":"Extremely differentiated T cell subsets contribute to tissue deterioration during aging","volume":"41","author":"Soto-Heredero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxaa006","article-title":"Physiology and pathology of T-cell aging","volume":"32","author":"Minato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7123","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15770","article-title":"Hallmarks of the aging T-cell system","volume":"288","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.07.004","article-title":"Homeostasis and the functional roles of CD4+ Treg cells in aging","volume":"226","author":"Churov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000355303","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and the immune aging process: a mini-review","volume":"60","author":"Jagger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.733566","article-title":"The dynamics of B cell aging in health and disease","volume":"12","author":"de Mol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221346","article-title":"Age-associated B cells are heterogeneous and dynamic drivers of autoimmunity in mice","volume":"220","author":"Nickerson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-011620-034148","article-title":"B cell immunosenescence","volume":"36","author":"Frasca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib20","article-title":"Alterations in gene array patterns in dendritic cells from aged humans","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501006","article-title":"Loss of phagocytic and antigen cross-presenting capacity in aging dendritic cells is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"195","author":"Chougnet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00896","article-title":"Role of dendritic cells in inflammation and loss of tolerance in the elderly","volume":"8","author":"Agrawal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2008.0750","article-title":"Aging and neutrophils: there is still much to do","volume":"11","author":"Fortin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw062","article-title":"Reduced oxidative burst by primed neutrophils in the elderly individuals is associated with increased levels of the CD16bright\/CD62Ldim immunosuppressive subset","volume":"72","author":"Sauce","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11061017","article-title":"Aging of the immune system: focus on natural killer cells phenotype and functions","volume":"11","author":"Brauning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.04.003","article-title":"The impact of ageing on natural killer cell function and potential consequences for health in older adults","volume":"12","author":"Hazeldine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12320","article-title":"Global analyses revealed age-related alterations in innate immune responses after stimulation of pathogen recognition receptors","volume":"14","author":"Metcalf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901022","article-title":"Age-associated decrease in TLR function in primary human dendritic cells predicts influenza vaccine response","volume":"184","author":"Panda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.003","article-title":"Biomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions","volume":"186","author":"Moqri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38238-6","article-title":"Immune resilience despite inflammatory stress promotes longevity and favorable health outcomes including resistance to infection","volume":"14","author":"Ahuja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1059173","article-title":"Immune system modulation in aging: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Cisneros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg7292","article-title":"Caloric restriction in humans reveals immunometabolic regulators of health span","volume":"375","author":"Spadaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2022.111710","article-title":"Long-term caloric restriction ameliorates T cell immunosenescence in mice","volume":"206","author":"Asami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1905136","article-title":"Effects of intermittent fasting on health, aging, and disease","volume":"381","author":"de Cabo","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08026-3","article-title":"Dietary restriction impacts health and lifespan of genetically diverse mice","volume":"634","author":"Di Francesco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-122319-034601","article-title":"Calorie restriction and aging in humans","volume":"40","author":"Flanagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.11289","article-title":"Geroscience: a translational review","volume":"334","author":"Kritchevsky","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12750","article-title":"Major features of immunesenescence, including reduced thymic output, are ameliorated by high levels of physical activity in adulthood","volume":"17","author":"Duggal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.01.025","article-title":"Practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of secondary hypogammaglobulinemia: a Work Group Report of the AAAAI Primary Immunodeficiency and Altered Immune Response Committees","volume":"149","author":"Otani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.12.024","article-title":"If and when to consider prophylactic immunoglobulin replacement therapy in secondary hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"13","author":"Otani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-025-09103-9","article-title":"Immunodeficiencies in adults: key considerations for diagnosis and management","volume":"68","author":"Regina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2024.45.240063","article-title":"Overview of secondary immunodeficiency","volume":"45","author":"Herman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2019.07.007","article-title":"Flow cytometry as a diagnostic tool in primary and secondary immune deficiencies","volume":"39","author":"Farmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.10-6-624","article-title":"Malnutrition: causes and consequences","volume":"10","author":"Saunders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.08.413","article-title":"Secondary immunodeficiencies: an overview","volume":"127","author":"Tuano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082764","article-title":"Malnutrition in older adults\u2014recent advances and remaining challenges","volume":"13","author":"Norman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: a new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib48","first-page":"141","article-title":"Nutritional regulation of immunity and risk of infection in old age","volume":"67","author":"Chandra","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib49","first-page":"91","article-title":"The role of nutrition in enhancing immunity in aging","volume":"3","author":"Pae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040115","article-title":"Malnutrition and infection: complex mechanisms and global impacts","volume":"4","author":"Schaible","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.12.012","article-title":"Food for thought. Malnutrition risk associated with increased risk of healthcare-associated infection","volume":"101","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.187.157","article-title":"Reduced immune function and malnutrition in the elderly","volume":"187","author":"Kawakami","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.02.001","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 on immune function and serum albumin in aged and malnourished aged mice","volume":"23","author":"Kaburagi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"2 suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.040","article-title":"Secondary immunodeficiencies, including HIV infection","volume":"125","author":"Chinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/0036850419854290","article-title":"Malnutrition in the elderly","volume":"102","author":"Corcoran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.1.67","article-title":"Nutrition and aging: assessment and treatment of compromised nutritional status in frail elderly patients","volume":"1","author":"Wells","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib57","first-page":"207","article-title":"Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health","volume":"5","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1402.036","article-title":"Vitamin D in defense of the human immune response","volume":"1117","author":"Adams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0305","article-title":"Fifteen-year nationwide trends in systemic glucocorticoid drug use in Denmark","volume":"181","author":"Laugesen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00374","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update","volume":"36","author":"Taplitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2020000116","article-title":"Practical approach to monitoring and prevention of infectious complications associated with systemic corticosteroids, antimetabolites, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide in nonmalignant hematologic diseases","volume":"2020","author":"Malpica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-016-0264-7","article-title":"Secondary antibody deficiency in glucocorticoid therapy clearly differs from primary antibody deficiency","volume":"36","author":"Wirsum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180595","article-title":"Immune regulation by glucocorticoids can be linked to cell type\u2013dependent transcriptional responses","volume":"216","author":"Franco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm5164","article-title":"Proteomic profiling platforms head to head: leveraging genetics and clinical traits to compare aptamer- and antibody-based methods","volume":"8","author":"Katz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42625","article-title":"Identification of covariates modulating B-cell repopulation kinetics in subjects receiving rituximab treatment","volume":"75","author":"Welte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1214825","article-title":"Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"371","author":"Weyand","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s2","DOI":"10.1177\/096120330501400102","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of mycophenolate mofetil","volume":"14","author":"Allison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib70","first-page":"141","article-title":"Different mechanisms for anti-tumor effects of low- and high-dose cyclophosphamide","volume":"16","author":"Motoyoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii42","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa089","article-title":"An update on the epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"59","author":"Mohammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf052","article-title":"Incidence of ANCA-associated vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa in Norfolk, UK, from 2011 to 2020","volume":"64","author":"Fordham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0003","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma: a review","volume":"327","author":"Cowan","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00595-6","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"404","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-025-06261-w","article-title":"Global, regional and national temporal trends in incidence and mortality of non-Hodgkin lymphoma from 1992 to 2021: an age-period-cohort analysis","volume":"104","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39011","article-title":"Treatment of systemic necrotizing vasculitides in patients aged sixty-five years or older: results of a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide-based induction therapy","volume":"67","author":"Pagnoux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190019","article-title":"Effect of treatment on damage and hospitalization in elderly patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"47","author":"Weiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706778742918","article-title":"Purine nucleoside analogs as immunosuppressive and antineoplastic agents: mechanism of action and clinical activity","volume":"13","author":"Robak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200108000-00002","article-title":"Infectious complications of purine analog therapy","volume":"14","author":"Samonis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.060","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on management of inflammatory bowel disease in elderly patients: expert review","volume":"160","author":"Ananthakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15458","article-title":"Increased risk of thiopurine-related adverse events in elderly patients with IBD","volume":"50","author":"Calafat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.1946","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a review","volume":"329","author":"Shadman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26082","article-title":"Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management","volume":"96","author":"Gertz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2020.02.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of follicular lymphoma","volume":"34","author":"Cerhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2027612","article-title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"384","author":"Sehn","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keac716","article-title":"Predictors of hypogammaglobulinemia in ANCA-associated vasculitis after a rituximab-based induction: a multicentre study","volume":"62","author":"Podest\u00e0","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578066","article-title":"Predictors of hypogammaglobulinemia and serious infections among patients receiving ocrelizumab or rituximab for treatment of MS and NMOSD","volume":"377","author":"Mears","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103130","article-title":"Risk factors for hypogammaglobulinemia and association with relapse and severe infections in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a cohort study","volume":"142","author":"Liberatore","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2025.2574668","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia and infections in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","author":"Scavone","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu194","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin levels and risk factors for hypogammaglobulinaemia during long-term maintenance therapy with rituximab in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"53","author":"Besada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.11.009","article-title":"Rituximab-associated hypogammaglobulinemia: incidence, predictors and outcomes in patients with multi-system autoimmune disease","volume":"57","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16331","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinaemia during rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis: a Swedish cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Hallberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4169","article-title":"Association of immunoglobulin levels, infectious risk, and mortality with rituximab and hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"1","author":"Barmettler","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"suppl 124","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib94","first-page":"188","article-title":"Rituximab-associated hypogammaglobulinaemia in ANCA-associated vasculitis and connective tissue diseases: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"38","author":"Padoan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab626","article-title":"New-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia and infectious complications associated with rituximab use in childhood-onset rheumatic diseases","volume":"61","author":"Ong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.671503","article-title":"Rituximab associated hypogammaglobulinemia in autoimmune disease","volume":"12","author":"Tieu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01773-y","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia and infection events in patients with autoimmune diseases treated with rituximab: 10 years real-life experience","volume":"44","author":"Nie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa127","article-title":"Serious infectious events and immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with autoimmune disease receiving rituximab: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Stabler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53512.x","article-title":"Comorbidity is a better predictor of impaired immunity than chronological age in older adults","volume":"53","author":"Castle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1678416","article-title":"Editorial: B-cell deficiency and infection: exploring humoral immunity\u2019s protective mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Grammatikos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-9995-5","article-title":"Antibody deficiency secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia: should patients be treated with prophylactic replacement immunoglobulin?","volume":"34","author":"Dhalla","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01578-y","article-title":"Hallmarks of CD8+ T cell dysfunction are established within hours of tumor antigen encounter before cell division","volume":"24","author":"Rudloff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2025.110486","article-title":"T cell aging and exhaustion: mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"275","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","article-title":"Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S422","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201602-095AW","article-title":"Aging of the immune system. Mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"13","author":"Weyand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00178-w","article-title":"Accelerated immunosenescence in rheumatoid arthritis: impact on clinical progression","volume":"17","author":"Bauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immun Ageing A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.10.005","article-title":"Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity: lessons from systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"18","author":"Grammatikos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.04.014","article-title":"Heterogeneity and fate choice: T cell exhaustion in cancer and chronic infections","volume":"58","author":"Philip","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180841","article-title":"Aged-associated cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation and cytomegalovirus relationship with the frailty syndrome in older women","volume":"12","author":"Thomasini","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050882","article-title":"Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects","volume":"202","author":"Sylwester","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01745","article-title":"Aging, obesity, and inflammatory age-related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Frasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2021.732414","article-title":"Implications of inflammatory states on dysfunctional immune responses in aging and obesity","volume":"2","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13344","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes is associated with the accumulation of senescent T cells","volume":"197","author":"Lau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-023-00905-7","article-title":"Neutrophil (dys)function due to altered immuno-metabolic axis in type 2 diabetes: implications in combating infections","volume":"36","author":"Thimmappa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1272336","article-title":"Old drug, new tricks: the utility of metformin in infection and vaccination responses to influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in older adults","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib116","first-page":"594","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome and recurrent infection","volume":"23","author":"Shahraki Ghadimi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.15761\/CCRR.1000149","article-title":"Improved outcomes on subcutaneous IgG in patients with humoral immunodeficiency and co-morbid bowel disease","volume":"1","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep Rev"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib118","first-page":"e10","article-title":"Lymphocyte immune response and T cell differentiation in Fontan patients with protein-losing enteropathy","volume":"69","author":"Moosmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2002.01041.x","article-title":"Hypoproteinemia in severe childhood atopic dermatitis: a serious complication","volume":"13","author":"Nomura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2019.01.004","article-title":"Immune dysfunction and risk of infection in chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Syed-Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12070439","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in uremia 2020","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00950208","article-title":"Aspects of immune dysfunction in end-stage renal disease","volume":"3","author":"Kato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib123","article-title":"Reduced energy metabolism impairs T cell-dependent B cell responses in patients with advanced HBV-related cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.08.046","article-title":"Immune dysfunction and infection risk in advanced liver disease","volume":"168","author":"McGettigan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30508","article-title":"The role of complement in liver injury, regeneration, and transplantation","volume":"70","author":"Thorgersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.010","article-title":"Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance","volume":"61","author":"Albillos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S6133","article-title":"The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis","volume":"4","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S169","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201503-126AW","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"12","author":"Bhat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6394","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216394","article-title":"Immunology of stress: a review article","volume":"13","author":"Alotiby","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0108025","article-title":"Cytokines, leptin, and stress-induced thymic atrophy","volume":"84","author":"Gruver","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2024-001074","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of monovalent XBB.1.5 containing covid-19 mRNA vaccines in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden: target trial emulation based on registry data","volume":"3","author":"Andersson","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2024.2428800","article-title":"Monovalent XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisations and deaths during the Omicron BA.2.86\/JN.1 period among older adults in seven European countries: a VEBIS-EHR network study","volume":"23","author":"Nunes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01742-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of high-dose influenza vaccine against hospitalisations in older adults (FLUNITY-HD): an individual-level pooled analysis","volume":"406","author":"Johansen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12871","article-title":"Effectiveness of the MF59-adjuvanted trivalent or quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine among adults 65 years of age or older, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Coleman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7305a1","article-title":"Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024-25 Influenza Season","volume":"73","author":"Grohskopf","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01738-0","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis","volume":"404","author":"Payne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213836","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccine in older adults","volume":"388","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307079","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of an mRNA-based RSV PreF vaccine in older adults","volume":"389","author":"Wilson","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501184","article-title":"Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults","volume":"372","author":"Lal","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408544","article-title":"Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against pneumococcal pneumonia in adults","volume":"372","author":"Bonten","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7401a1","article-title":"Expanded recommendations for use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines among adults aged \u226550 years: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2024","volume":"74","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2514268","article-title":"Updated evidence for Covid-19, RSV, and influenza vaccines for 2025-2026","volume":"393","author":"Scott","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.09.040","article-title":"Recommended vaccines for immunocompetent older adults: a work group report of the AAAAI Asthma, Allergic & Immunologic Diseases in Older Adults Committee","volume":"14","author":"Slimovitch","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826004265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826004265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:19:04Z","timestamp":1788776344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219826004265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2213219826004265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk Factors for Secondary Immunodeficiency in the Aged","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.05.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}