{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:34:27Z","timestamp":1793237667035,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013365","name":"Sichuan University West China Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Sichuan Province Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014764","name":"China International Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010822","name":"Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaci-inpractice.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T23:33:06Z","timestamp":1786750386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Asthmatics With Increased Triglyceride-Glucose Index Are at Elevated Risk of Exacerbations Independent of Type 2 Inflammation: A Prospective Cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Yang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Chen-Yu Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.B.","family":"Wark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng Ming","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5048-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02058-2018","article-title":"Treatable traits: a new paradigm for 21st century management of chronic airway diseases: Treatable Traits Down Under International Workshop report","volume":"53","author":"McDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00240-2020","article-title":"Identification of asthma phenotypes based on extrapulmonary treatable traits","volume":"57","author":"Freitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02832.x","article-title":"Untangling asthma phenotypes and endotypes","volume":"67","author":"Agache","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2032506","article-title":"Biologic therapies for severe asthma","volume":"386","author":"Brusselle","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.019","article-title":"The basic immunology of asthma","volume":"184","author":"Hammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.06.024","article-title":"The relationship between obesity and asthma severity and control in adults","volume":"122","author":"Mosen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.02.004","article-title":"Obesity and asthma","volume":"141","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S208823","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction and asthma: current perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Pite","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i3.285","article-title":"Asthma and metabolic syndrome: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"3","author":"Serafino-Agrusa","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03197.x","article-title":"Insulin resistance as a predictor of incident asthma-like symptoms in adults","volume":"39","author":"Thuesen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0880","article-title":"Patients diagnosed with diabetes are at increased risk for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia but not lung cancer","volume":"33","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00246-2016","article-title":"Insulin resistance modifies the association between obesity and current asthma in adults","volume":"48","author":"Cardet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01767.x","article-title":"Asthma and insulin resistance in children","volume":"15","author":"Arshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.010","article-title":"Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and lung function in US adolescents with and without asthma","volume":"136","author":"Forno","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202112-2745OC","article-title":"The impact of insulin resistance on loss of lung function and response to treatment in asthma","volume":"206","author":"Peters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487","article-title":"Use and abuse of HOMA modeling","volume":"27","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02037-6","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index in the prediction of clinical outcomes after successful recanalization for coronary chronic total occlusions","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2023.2193765","article-title":"Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and cognitive impairment in China: a community population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0288","article-title":"The product of triglycerides and glucose, a simple measure of insulin sensitivity. Comparison with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp","volume":"95","author":"Guerrero-Romero","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.03.056","article-title":"Association of triglyceride-glucose index and lung health: a population-based study","volume":"160","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-018-0376-8","article-title":"Metabolic clustering of risk factors: evaluation of Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) for evaluation of insulin resistance","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66692-9","article-title":"Superiority of the triglyceride glucose index over the homeostasis model in predicting metabolic syndrome based on NHANES data analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.09.001","article-title":"Metabolic dysfunction, triglyceride-glucose index, and risk of severe asthma exacerbation","volume":"11","author":"Staggers","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.04.74","article-title":"Severe and uncontrolled asthma in China: a cross-sectional survey from the Australasian Severe Asthma Network","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.07.048","article-title":"Multidimensional assessment of asthma identifies clinically relevant phenotype overlap: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d29.x","article-title":"Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control","volume":"14","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.2.76","article-title":"Evaluation of impairment of health related quality of life in asthma: development of a questionnaire for use in clinical trials","volume":"47","author":"Juniper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-08809-4","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index associated with future renal function decline in the general population","volume":"39","author":"Yoshida","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0034","article-title":"The product of fasting glucose and triglycerides as surrogate for identifying insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects","volume":"6","author":"Simental-Mend\u00eda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement","volume":"112","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.9120-11ST","article-title":"An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications","volume":"184","author":"Dweik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805","article-title":"Standardisation of spirometry","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4538","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.10.110","article-title":"Reference values for spirometry in Chinese aged 4-80 years","volume":"9","author":"Jian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01098-2015","article-title":"Sputum mast cell subtypes relate to eosinophilia and corticosteroid response in asthma","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2016.09.430","article-title":"Interactive effects between obesity and atopy on inflammation: a pilot study for asthma phenotypic overlap","volume":"117","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61087-2","article-title":"Asthma in older adults","volume":"376","author":"Gibson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.03.042","article-title":"Treatable traits in elderly asthmatics from the Australasian Severe Asthma Network: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00139810","article-title":"Airway inflammation is augmented by obesity and fatty acids in asthma","volume":"38","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.041","article-title":"Distinguishing severe asthma phenotypes: role of age at onset and eosinophilic inflammation","volume":"113","author":"Miranda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.09.004","article-title":"The allergic asthma phenotype","volume":"2","author":"Schatz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.003","article-title":"Airway inflammation assessed by invasive and noninvasive means in severe asthma: eosinophilic and noneosinophilic phenotypes","volume":"118","author":"Lemi\u00e8re","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403291","article-title":"Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in eosinophilic asthma","volume":"371","author":"Bel","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib44","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma, Global strategy for asthma management and prevention, 2014.Accessed April 1, 2022. https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9111684","article-title":"Characterization of T2-low and T2-high asthma phenotypes in real-life","volume":"9","author":"Ricciardolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-060ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice","volume":"180","author":"Reddel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01546-0","article-title":"Relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01895-4","article-title":"Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of mortality among patients with chronic heart failure: results from a retrospective cohort study in China","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01664-9","article-title":"Association between triglyceride glucose index and risk of cerebrovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.2612","article-title":"The triglyceride-glucose index and obesity-related risk of end-stage kidney disease in Austrian adults","volume":"4","author":"Fritz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01658-7","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of heart failure: evidence from two large cohorts and a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02402.x","article-title":"Obesity, insulin resistance and the prevalence of atopy and asthma in US adults","volume":"65","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000738","article-title":"Diabetes, insulin resistance, and asthma: a review of potential links","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-015-0125-9","article-title":"The relation between insulin resistance and lung function: a cross sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Sagun","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib55","article-title":"Association between HOMA-IR and lung function in Korean young adults based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01478-7","article-title":"Association between insulin resistance and lung function trajectory over 4 years in South Korea: community-based prospective cohort","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.11.057","article-title":"Inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"582","author":"de Luca","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01412.x","article-title":"Accuracy of eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein to predict steroid improvement in asthma","volume":"32","author":"Meijer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L837","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00091.2015","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia adversely affects lung structure and function","volume":"310","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insulin resistance mediates high-fat diet-induced pulmonary fibrosis and airway hyperresponsiveness through the TGF-\u03b21 pathway","volume":"51","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.07.007","article-title":"Metformin use and risk of asthma exacerbation among asthma patients with glycemic dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.5982","article-title":"Antidiabetic medication and asthma attacks","volume":"185","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.05.002","article-title":"Association of novel antihyperglycemic drugs versus metformin with a decrease in asthma exacerbations","volume":"12","author":"Kimura","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201810-1944CI","article-title":"Role of biologics in asthma","volume":"199","author":"McGregor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.11.006","article-title":"T2-\"low\" asthma: overview and management strategies","volume":"8","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00528-2020","article-title":"Treatment options in type-2 low asthma","volume":"57","author":"Hinks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.04.020","article-title":"T2-low: what do we know?: Past, present, and future of biologic therapies in noneosinophilic asthma","volume":"129","author":"Niessen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201807-1291OC","article-title":"A transcriptomic method to determine airway immune dysfunction in T2-high and T2-low asthma","volume":"199","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826006914?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213219826006914?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:22:54Z","timestamp":1793236974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213219826006914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S2213219826006914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-2198"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-2198","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Asthmatics With Increased Triglyceride-Glucose Index Are at Elevated Risk of Exacerbations Independent of Type 2 Inflammation: A Prospective Cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaip.2026.08.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}