{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:46:50Z","timestamp":1791856010427,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>In February 1871, the great naturalist Charles Darwin received a letter from Dr. James\u2010Crichton Browne, who was serving as Director of the largest lunatic asylum in England. Darwin had been introduced to Crichton\u2010Browne 2 years earlier by Henry Maudsley, who believed that the young psychiatrist could provide Darwin with clinical examples of extreme emotional expression, to aid him in preparing to write <jats:italic>Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals<\/jats:italic> (1872). This particular letter from Crichton\u2010Browne contained the first and only reference to \u201cpremature dotage\u201d or \u201csenile decay\u201d found anywhere in Darwin's entire corpus of correspondence, which amounted to more than 80,000 pages of handwritten letters to nearly 2,000 individuals throughout his lifetime. Moreover, this letter from Crichton\u2010Browne, received by Darwin 36 years before the first case report of senile dementia by Professor Alois Alzheimer, explicitly noted that such premature dotage is the result of \u201cbrain wasting.\u201d Crichton\u2010Browne believed that senile dementia was the result of a central nervous system disease, with the emotional lability observed in his patients linked inextricably to the disease process. This early hypothesis, of interest to Darwin in 1871, anticipated the groundbreaking neurohistopathologic research and case description by Alzheimer 36 years later, and has been confirmed by all clinical research in this field since 1907. This concordance between psychological symptoms and Alzheimer's disease continues to be an important area of study, leading to recent advances in our understanding of the genetics, neurobiology, and neurochemistry of psychiatric illness in older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2007.04.392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,4]],"date-time":"2007-06-04T09:07:21Z","timestamp":1180948041000},"page":"137-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Historical note on Darwin's consideration of early\u2010onset dementia in older persons, thirty\u2010six years before Alzheimer's initial case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division Department of Psychology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA"},{"name":"Child Study Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison M.","family":"Pearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Darwin Correspondence Project Cambridge University Library Cambridge University Cambridge United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"11","volume-title":"General introduction In: From so simple a beginning: the four great books of Charles Darwin","author":"Wilson E.O.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"20","volume-title":"With an introduction, afterword and commentaries by Paul Ekman","author":"Darwin C.R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"1261","volume-title":"From so simple a beginning: the four great books of Charles Darwin","author":"Darwin C.R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","unstructured":"A.HyattLetter from Alpheus Hyatt to Charles Darwin [late] November 1872. Manuscript at the Cambridge University Library (DAR 166.48\u201355 99). Darwin Correspondence Project calendar no. 8655."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","unstructured":"A.HyattLetter from Alpheus Hyatt to Charles Darwin January 1877. Manuscript at the Cambridge University Library (DAR 166.357 359). Darwin Correspondence Project calendar no. 10760."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","unstructured":"C.R.DarwinLetter to Alpheus Hyatt (4 December 1872). Manuscript at the Cambridge University Library (DAR 99.56\u20139). Darwin Correspondence Project calendar no. 8658."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Charles Darwin's notebooks, 1836\u20131844","author":"Darwin C.R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","unstructured":"J.Crichton\u2010BrowneLetter to Charles Darwin (16 February 1871). Manuscript at the Cambridge University Library (DAR 161.312). Darwin Correspondence Project calendar no. 7484."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.949","article-title":"Historical note: Sir James Crichton\u2010Browne (1840\u20131938)","volume":"74","author":"Pearce J.M.S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.8.1141","article-title":"Historical note: the West Riding Lunatic Asylum","volume":"74","author":"Pearce J.M.S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.4.456","article-title":"Images in psychiatry: the West Riding Pauper Lunatic Asylum","volume":"155","author":"Snaith R.P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"146","article-title":"\u00dcber einen eigenartigc Erkrankung der Hirnrinde","volume":"64","author":"Alzheimer A.","year":"1907","journal-title":"Allg Z Psychiatrie Psych Gericht Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"The life of a physician and the career of a disease","author":"Maurer K.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2006-9S303","article-title":"100 years of Alzheimer's disease (1906\u20132006)","volume":"9","author":"Lage J.M.M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000245746.45384.0e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000088562"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2004-6313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"631","article-title":"Neuropathological study of the dorsal raphe nuclei in late\u2010life depression and Alzheimer's disease with and without depression","volume":"12","author":"Hendricksen M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajgp.12.6.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2006-9S305","article-title":"Vulnerability of cortical neurons to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases","volume":"9","author":"Braak H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.2.380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060050101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610206003607"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"435","article-title":"5\u2010Hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer's disease, depression and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"25","author":"Stuerenburg H.J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; 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