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The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological impact of using these two different types of genetic information to disclose genetic risk for AD to family members of affected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were compared from two separate protocols. The Risk Evaluation and Education for Alzheimer's Disease (REVEAL) Study is a randomized, multi\u2010site clinical trial that evaluated the impact of susceptibility testing for AD with <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> in 101 adult children of AD patients. A separate study, conducted at the University of Washington, assessed the impact of deterministic genetic testing by disclosing presenilin\u20101, presenilin\u20102, or TAU genotype to 22 individuals at risk for familial AD or frontotemporal dementia. In both protocols, participants received genetic counseling and completed the impact of event scale (IES), a measure of test\u2010specific distress. Scores were analyzed at the time point closest to 1 year after disclosure at which IES data were available. The role of genetic test result (positive vs negative) and type of genetic testing (deterministic vs susceptibility) in predicting log\u2010transformed IES scores were assessed with linear regression, controlling for age, gender, and time from disclosure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects from the REVEAL Study who learned that they were positive for the susceptibility gene <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u03b54+ experienced similar, low levels of test\u2010specific distress compared with those who received positive results of deterministic testing in the University of Washington study (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .78). <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u03b54+ individuals in the susceptibility protocol experienced more test\u2010specific distress than those who tested \u03b54\u2013 in the same study (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04); however, among those receiving deterministic test disclosure, the subjects who received positive results did not experience significantly higher levels of distress when compared with those who received negative results (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .88).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this preliminary study, with limited sample size, suggest that the test\u2010related distress experienced by those receiving positive results for a deterministic mutation is similar to the distress experienced by those receiving positive results from genetic susceptibility testing, and that the majority of participants receiving genotype disclosure do not experience clinically significant distress as indicated by IES scores 1 year after learning of their test results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,13]],"date-time":"2008-11-13T09:19:52Z","timestamp":1226567992000},"page":"406-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Comparing test\u2010specific distress of susceptibility versus deterministic genetic testing for Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Scott","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior &amp; Health Education University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Medicine University of Washington Medical School Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen J.","family":"Steinbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Medicine University of Washington Medical School Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Adrienne","family":"Cupples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Coordinating Center Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Linnenbringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior &amp; Health Education University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston 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