{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:50:30Z","timestamp":1788871830330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":1,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG10285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG10285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG22550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG22550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG027956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG027956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>The perspective by Dr. William Pardridge entitled \u201cAlzheimer's Disease Drug Discovery and the Problem of the Blood\u2010Brain Barrier\u201d makes a strong case for the imbalance in resource distribution to the drug\u2010discovery and brain drug delivery processes, where the latter received less than 1% of the investment of the former. My own calculations are consistent with this striking imbalance. Dr. Pardridge predicts that current trials of passive immunity against \u03b2\u2010amyloid peptide will likely fail, whereas past trials of active immunization exhibited trial\u2010ending side effects, in part because of disruption of the integrity of the blood\u2010brain barrier. To bring an assessment of the physiology of the blood\u2010brain barrier and the brain delivery of drugs to the fore, several changes are needed in the way we perceive the problem, train our young scientists, organize research efforts, and incentivize reaching our common goals of effective drug therapy for Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,13]],"date-time":"2009-09-13T04:09:38Z","timestamp":1252814978000},"page":"433-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Commentary on \u201cAlzheimer's disease drug development and the problem of the blood\u2010brain barrier\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"James W.","family":"Simpkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.01.021"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1552526009020913?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1552526009020913?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.jalz.2009.06.004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.06.004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.06.004","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.06.004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:47:55Z","timestamp":1759934875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.06.004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":1,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.06.004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2009.06.004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-5260","1552-5279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-5260","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-5279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}