{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:40:55Z","timestamp":1791592855880,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer's Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIRG\u201013\u2010281806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIRG\u201013\u2010281806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007333","name":"Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH\u201012\u20102\u20100012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH\u201012\u20102\u20100012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp;amp; Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes could be empirically derived within the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) MCI cohort and examined associated biomarkers and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cluster analysis was performed on neuropsychological data from 825 MCI ADNI participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four subtypes emerged: (1)\n                      <jats:italic>dysnomic<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n\u00a0=\u00a0153), (2)\n                      <jats:italic>dysexecutive<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n\u00a0=\u00a0102), (3)\n                      <jats:italic>amnestic<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n\u00a0=\u00a0288), and (4)\n                      <jats:italic>cluster\u2010derived normal<\/jats:italic>\n                      (n\u00a0=\u00a0282) who performed within normal limits on cognitive testing. The cluster\u2010derived normal group had significantly fewer\n                      <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b54 carriers and fewer who progressed to dementia compared with the other subtypes; they also evidenced cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarker profiles that did not differ from the normative reference group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identification of empirically derived MCI subtypes demonstrates heterogeneity in MCI cognitive profiles that is not captured by conventional criteria. The large cluster\u2010derived normal group suggests that conventional diagnostic criteria are susceptible to false\u2010positive errors, with the result that prior MCI studies may be diluting important biomarker relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T13:48:06Z","timestamp":1400766486000},"page":"415-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":239,"title":["Susceptibility of the conventional criteria for mild cognitive impairment to false\u2010positive diagnostic errors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emily C.","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego, School of Medicine  La Jolla CA 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