{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:24:08Z","timestamp":1774542248007,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","jamda.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T00:30:37Z","timestamp":1497400237000},"page":"785-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cognitive Performance across 3 Frailty Phenotypes: Toledo Study for Healthy Aging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rosado-Artalejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Carnicero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Losa-Reyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Guadalupe-Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Castillo-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Gutierrez-Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Alfaro-Acha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Artalejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leocadio","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0096-3","article-title":"Frailty, cognitive impairment and mortality among the oldest old","volume":"15","author":"Jacobs","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13111","article-title":"Cognitive function in the prefrailty and frailty syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Robertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5616","article-title":"Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: The LIFE study randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Pahor","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008462","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008462","article-title":"Impact of physical frailty on disability in community-dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Makizako","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.01.004","article-title":"A\u00a0new operational definition of frailty: The Frailty Trait Scale","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02136.x","article-title":"Cognitive impairment improves the predictive validity of the phenotype of frailty for adverse health outcomes: The three-city study","volume":"57","author":"Avila-Funes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.09.015","article-title":"In search of an integral conceptual definition of frailty: Opinions of experts","volume":"11","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212000634","article-title":"The multiple dimensions of frailty: Physical capacity, cognition, and quality of life","volume":"24","author":"Langlois","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs185","article-title":"An assessment of neurocognitive speed in relation to frailty","volume":"42","author":"Rolfson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000353859","article-title":"Association between frailty and dementia: A population-based study","volume":"60","author":"Kulmala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0110-9","article-title":"Physical frailty predicts future cognitive decline: A four-year prospective study in 2737 cognitively normal older adults","volume":"15","author":"Auyeung","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318225c6bc","article-title":"Nontraditional risk factors combine to predict Alzheimer disease and dementia","volume":"77","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.09.223","article-title":"Frailty syndrome and the risk of vascular dementia: The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"9","author":"Solfrizzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw067","article-title":"Declines and impairment in executive function predict onset of physical frailty","volume":"71","author":"Gross","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu117","article-title":"Brain pathology contributes to simultaneous change in physical frailty and cognition in old age","volume":"69","author":"Buchman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2013.02.005","article-title":"Dimensions of physical frailty and cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"56","author":"McGough","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22870","article-title":"Reduced cerebellar gray matter is a neural signature of physical frailty","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.025","article-title":"Cerebral microbleeds are associated with physical frailty: A community-based study","volume":"44","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.11.008","article-title":"Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing","volume":"46","author":"Stoodley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.05.013","article-title":"Frailty as a predictor of Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and all dementia among community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Kojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib21","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease: A review from the pathophysiology to diagnosis, new perspectives for pharmacological treatment","author":"Dos Santos Picanco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib22","first-page":"CD005381","article-title":"Aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment","volume":"4","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.7.722","article-title":"Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits","volume":"62","author":"Rockwood","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0075-8","article-title":"The prevalence of frailty syndrome in an older population from Spain. The Toledo Study for Healthy Aging","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Garcia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib26","first-page":"319","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n del MMSE de Folstein en una poblaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola de bajo nivel educativo1","volume":"34","author":"Escribano-Aparicio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Revista Espa\u00f1ola de Geriatr\u00eda y Gerontolog\u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.3.349","article-title":"A\u00a07-minute neurocognitive screening battery highly sensitive to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"55","author":"Solomon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib28","first-page":"344","article-title":"[Spanish version of the 7 Minute screening neurocognitive battery. Normative data of an elderly population sample over 70]","volume":"19","author":"del Ser Quijano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib29","series-title":"Boston Naming Test","author":"Kaplan","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(82)90100-2","article-title":"Deficits on subject-ordered tasks after frontal- and temporal-lobe lesions in man","volume":"20","author":"Petrides","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(75)80015-3","article-title":"Go-no go learning after frontal lobe lesions in humans","volume":"11","author":"Drewe","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib32","first-page":"839","article-title":"Tarea de inhibici\u00f3n frontal (go\/no go) para la evaluaci\u00f3n del envejecimiento normal, el deterioro cognitivo ligero y demencia de tipo Alzheimer leve","volume":"23","author":"Ruiz-S\u00e1nchez de Le\u00f3n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib33","series-title":"Psychophysiology of the Frontal Lobes","first-page":"3","article-title":"The frontal lobes and the regulation of behavior","author":"Luria","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0214-4603(91)75505-8","article-title":"Programa integrado de exploraci\u00f3n neuropsicol\u00f3gica - test barcelona: Bases te\u00f3ricas, objetivos y contenidos","volume":"11","author":"Pe\u00f1a-Casanova","year":"1991","journal-title":"Revista de Logopedia, Foniatr\u00eda y Audiolog\u00eda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12546","article-title":"Global cognitive performance and frailty in non-demented community-dwelling older adults: Findings from the Sasaguri Genkimon Study","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02671.x","article-title":"Physical frailty is associated with incident mild cognitive impairment in community-based older persons","volume":"58","author":"Boyle","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-011-0066-9","article-title":"Transitions in cognitive status in relation to frailty in older adults: A comparison of three frailty measures","volume":"15","author":"Mitnitski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000133","article-title":"Frailty and cognitive decline: How do they relate?","volume":"18","author":"Canevelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.07.013","article-title":"Cognitive function in individuals with physical frailty but without dementia or cognitive complaints: Results from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib40","first-page":"151","article-title":"Neuropsychological profile of \u201ccognitive frailty\u201d subjects in MAPT Study","volume":"3","author":"Delrieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib41","first-page":"369","article-title":"Physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and the risk of neurocognitive disorder in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies","volume":"72","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04193.x","article-title":"The protective effects of executive functions and episodic memory on gait speed decline in aging defined in the context of cognitive reserve","volume":"60","author":"Holtzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2013.06.004","article-title":"Frailty and cognitive impairment\u2013a review of the evidence and causal mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Robertson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-014-0535-z","article-title":"Cognitive aspects of frailty: Mechanisms behind the link between frailty and cognitive impairment","volume":"19","author":"Halil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbs069","article-title":"Benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and quality of life in frail older adults","volume":"68","author":"Langlois","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861017302232?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861017302232?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T06:17:26Z","timestamp":1657693046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525861017302232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525861017302232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-8610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-8610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cognitive Performance across 3 Frailty Phenotypes: Toledo Study for Healthy Aging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.04.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}