{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:35:27Z","timestamp":1792092927114,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007312","name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jamda.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T04:15:16Z","timestamp":1511151316000},"page":"584-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Effects of Combined Physical and Cognitive Exercises on Cognition and Mobility in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A\u00a0Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuma","family":"Makizako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehiko","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuntae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Tsutsumimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Verghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910237","article-title":"Clinical practice. Mild cognitive impairment","volume":"364","author":"Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity","volume":"256","author":"Petersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181cdee4f","article-title":"Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment by multiple classifications: The Monongahela-Youghiogheny Healthy Aging Team (MYHAT) project","volume":"18","author":"Ganguli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2","article-title":"The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalence","volume":"10","author":"Barnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/22682","article-title":"Ageing, fitness and neurocognitive function","volume":"400","author":"Kramer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib6","first-page":"CD005381","article-title":"Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment","author":"Angevaren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.9.1027","article-title":"Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: A randomized trial","volume":"300","author":"Lautenschlager","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03323.x","article-title":"Effect of exercise on cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults: Review of intervention trials and recommendations for public health practice and research","volume":"59","author":"Snowden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00260","article-title":"National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference statement: Preventing Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline","volume":"153","author":"Daviglus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib10","first-page":"50","article-title":"Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice","volume":"3","author":"Fabel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.189","article-title":"The Mental Activity and eXercise (MAX) trial: A randomized controlled trial to enhance cognitive function in older adults","volume":"173","author":"Barnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33735","article-title":"Improvement of cognitive function by mental and\/or individualized aerobic training in healthy elderly subjects","volume":"23","author":"Fabre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00008","article-title":"Does combined cognitive training and physical activity training enhance cognitive abilities more than either alone? A four-condition randomized controlled trial among healthy older adults","volume":"5","author":"Shatil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061483","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of multicomponent exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"8","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-128","article-title":"Effects of multicomponent exercise on cognitive function in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A\u00a0randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Suzuki","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.02.008","article-title":"Effects of combined cognitive and exercise interventions on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Law","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01758.x","article-title":"Gait dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment syndromes","volume":"56","author":"Verghese","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31824afbc4","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment as a predictor of falls in community-dwelling older people","volume":"20","author":"Delbaere","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001170","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001170","article-title":"Prevalence, distribution, and impact of mild cognitive impairment in Latin America, China, and India: A 10\/66 population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Sosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.010","article-title":"Combined prevalence of frailty and mild cognitive impairment in a population of elderly Japanese people","volume":"14","author":"Shimada","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12014","article-title":"Evaluation of multidimensional neurocognitive function using a tablet personal computer: Test-retest reliability and validity in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"13","author":"Makizako","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1032-3","article-title":"Effects of exercise and horticultural intervention on the brain and mental health in older adults with depressive symptoms and memory problems: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial [UMIN000018547]","volume":"16","author":"Makizako","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617706061078","article-title":"Role of frontal versus temporal cortex in verbal fluency as revealed by voxel-based lesion symptom mapping","volume":"12","author":"Baldo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290054029","article-title":"Physical activity and public-health: A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"273","author":"Pate","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.215","article-title":"The clinical use of structural MRI in Alzheimer disease","volume":"6","author":"Frisoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00061","article-title":"Physical activity reduces hippocampal atrophy in elders at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5638","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611721104","article-title":"An in\u00a0vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus","volume":"104","author":"Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu136","article-title":"Moderate-intensity physical activity, hippocampal volume, and memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"70","author":"Makizako","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.03.038","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry to discriminate early Alzheimer's disease from controls","volume":"382","author":"Hirata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib30","first-page":"709","article-title":"Geriatric Depression Scale","volume":"24","author":"Yesavage","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S56554","article-title":"Empirical comparison of four baseline covariate adjustment methods in analysis of continuous outcomes in randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-9-201311050-00730","article-title":"Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"159","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-55","article-title":"Cognitive and memory training in adults at risk of dementia: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Gates","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209990639","article-title":"Verbal fluency in the detection of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease among Brazilian Portuguese speakers: The influence of education","volume":"21","author":"Radanovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000147470.58328.50","article-title":"Preclinical Alzheimer disease: Neuropsychological test performance 1.5 to 8 years prior to onset","volume":"63","author":"Saxton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181d14633","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"72","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923","article-title":"Gait speed and survival in older adults","volume":"305","author":"Studenski","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.475921","article-title":"Improvements in speed-based gait classifications are meaningful","volume":"38","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq127","article-title":"Effect of cognitive remediation on gait in sedentary seniors","volume":"65","author":"Verghese","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi044","article-title":"Regional brain changes in aging healthy adults: General trends, individual differences and modifiers","volume":"15","author":"Raz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq277","article-title":"Brain beta-amyloid measures and magnetic resonance imaging atrophy both predict time-to-progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"133","author":"Jack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015950108","article-title":"Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory","volume":"108","author":"Erickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7907431","article-title":"Requirement for BDNF in activity-dependent survival of cortical neurons","volume":"263","author":"Ghosh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.06.011","article-title":"Exercise builds brain health: Key roles of\u00a0growth factor cascades and inflammation","volume":"30","author":"Cotman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019_bib45","first-page":"580","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mechanisms and function in adult synaptic plasticity: New insights and implications for therapy","volume":"9","author":"Kuipers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152586101730542X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152586101730542X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:16:45Z","timestamp":1761506205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152586101730542X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S152586101730542X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-8610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-8610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of Combined Physical and Cognitive Exercises on Cognition and Mobility in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A\u00a0Randomized Clinical Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.09.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}