{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:28:04Z","timestamp":1791041284255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K02200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K02200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K24277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K24277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22J01409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22J01409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K17322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K17322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008252","name":"Health Sciences Centre Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007312","name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jamda.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T04:21:50Z","timestamp":1666930910000},"page":"17-21.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Living Alone and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Non\u2013Face-to-Face Social Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9165-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiji","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Tomiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Ochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib1","series-title":"Global Health and Aging","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S183","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/47.4.S183","article-title":"Social networks, institutionalization, and mortality among elderly people in the United States","volume":"47","author":"Steinbach","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0580-7","article-title":"Cohort study on living arrangements of older men and women and risk for basic activities of daily living disability: findings from the AGES project","volume":"17","author":"Saito","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2012.00402.x","article-title":"Living alone is associated with depression among the elderly in a rural community in Japan","volume":"12","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2012.27.7","article-title":"Living arrangements, intergenerational support types and older adult loneliness in Eastern and Western Europe","volume":"27","author":"Gierveld","year":"2012","journal-title":"Demogr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.03.008","article-title":"Static and dynamic measures of frailty predicted decline in performance-based and self-reported physical functioning","volume":"58","author":"Puts","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X10000231","article-title":"Living conditions and life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone: a gender and cross-country analysis","volume":"30","author":"Gaymu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12099","article-title":"Loneliness and social support of older people living alone in a county of Shanghai, China","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib10","first-page":"688","article-title":"Older adults without close kin in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Margolis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib11","first-page":"1406","article-title":"Is living alone \u201caging alone\"? Solitary living, network types, and well-being","volume":"74","author":"Djundeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.02.021","article-title":"Poor social network, not living alone, is associated with incidence of adverse health outcomes in older adults","volume":"20","author":"Sakurai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000316","article-title":"Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review","volume":"7","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(96)00095-6","article-title":"Social ties and health: the benefits of social integration","volume":"6","author":"Seeman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113779","article-title":"Changes in social relationships during an initial \"stay-at-home\" phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal survey study in the U.S","volume":"274","author":"Philpot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.06.036","article-title":"Who is lonely in lockdown? Cross-cohort analyses of predictors of loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"186","author":"Bu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib19","first-page":"345","article-title":"Persistence of mental health deterioration among people living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic: a periodically-repeated longitudinal study","volume":"32","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104560","article-title":"Are non-face-to-face interactions an effective strategy for maintaining mental and physical health?","volume":"98","author":"Katayama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042218","article-title":"Influence of \"face-to-face contact\" and \"non-face-to-face contact\" on the subsequent decline in self-rated health and mental health status of young, middle-aged, and older Japanese adults: a two-year prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.02.016","article-title":"Role of non-face-to-face social contacts in moderating the association between living alone and mental health among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"194","author":"Noguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa144","article-title":"Older people's nonphysical contacts and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"61","author":"Arpino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib24","first-page":"e116","article-title":"Living alone during COVID-19: Social contact and emotional well-being among older adults","volume":"76","author":"Fingerman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53175.x","article-title":"Care-needs certification in the long-term care insurance system of Japan","volume":"53","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2021.01019","article-title":"Overview of the characteristics of and responses to the three waves of COVID-19 in Japan during 2020-2021","volume":"15","author":"Karako","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1997.00076.x","article-title":"Case-finding instruments for depression. Two questions are as good as many","volume":"12","author":"Whooley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib30","first-page":"699","article-title":"Evaluation of questionnaires (Two-question case-finding instrument & Beck Depression Inventory) as a tool for screening and intervention of depression in work place","volume":"45","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","article-title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: Issues and guidance for practice","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3221","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3221","article-title":"Resurgence of Covid-19 in Japan","volume":"370","author":"Shimizu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp09X421085","article-title":"Social prescribing in general practice: adding meaning to medicine","volume":"59","author":"Brandling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861022008027?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861022008027?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:09:33Z","timestamp":1778616573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525861022008027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525861022008027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-8610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-8610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Living Alone and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Non\u2013Face-to-Face Social Interactions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.10.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}