{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:13:19Z","timestamp":1792455199271,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000023","name":"Government of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LSA 94473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSA 94473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jamda.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T18:01:26Z","timestamp":1698861686000},"page":"167-176.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Associations between Osteosarcopenia and Falls, Fractures, and Frailty in Older Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0882-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahreum","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"McArthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lehana","family":"Thabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/agm2.12080","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kirk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Med (Milton)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1640-4","article-title":"Editorial: osteosarcopenia: A geriatric giant of the XXI Century","volume":"25","author":"Duque","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020291","article-title":"Related factors and clinical outcomes of osteosarcopenia: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-016-9204-6","article-title":"Sarcopenia and osteoporotic fractures","volume":"14","author":"Levinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2009.06.004","article-title":"Beyond FRAX: it's time to consider \"sarco-osteopenia\"","volume":"12","author":"Binkley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Densitom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372","article-title":"Sarcopenia definition: the position statements of the sarcopenia definition and outcomes consortium","volume":"68","author":"Bhasin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu010","article-title":"The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates","volume":"69","author":"Studenski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1623455","article-title":"Epidemiology and effect on physical function of osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan","volume":"30","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00646-6","article-title":"Prevalence of osteosarcopenia and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian older people: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program","volume":"106","author":"Fahimfar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2010.02.002","article-title":"Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with osteoporosis in 313 older women following a hip fracture","volume":"52","author":"Di Monaco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1900-x","article-title":"Sarcopenia in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with osteopenia, osteoporosis and normal bone mineral density","volume":"17","author":"Walsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.10.018","article-title":"Phenotype of osteosarcopenia in older individuals with a history of falling","volume":"16","author":"Huo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30267-2","article-title":"Exercise, nutrition, and aging","volume":"11","author":"Evans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.09.005","article-title":"The Joint occurrence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia (osteosarcopenia): definitions and characteristics","volume":"21","author":"Sep\u00falveda-Loyola","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly162","article-title":"Does combined osteopenia\/osteoporosis and sarcopenia confer greater risk of falls and fracture than either condition alone in older men? The Concord health and ageing in men project","volume":"74","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.01.015","article-title":"Prospective associations of osteosarcopenia and osteodynapenia with incident fracture and mortality over 10 years in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"82","author":"Balogun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05963-x","article-title":"The analysis of osteosarcopenia as a risk factor for fractures, mortality, and falls","volume":"32","author":"Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.07.032","article-title":"Osteosarcopenia predicts falls, fractures, and mortality in Chilean community-dwelling older adults","volume":"22","author":"Salech","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz173","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)","volume":"48","author":"Raina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib21","series-title":"Bone Mineral Density by Dual- energy X-ray Absorption (DXA) - Dual Hip Measurement","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib22","series-title":"Research Website Physical Assessments","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib23","series-title":"Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: report of a WHO study group [meeting held in Rome from 22 to 25 June 1992]","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A\u00a0standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-208853","article-title":"Assessing the measurement properties of a frailty index across the age spectrum in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging","volume":"71","author":"Kanters","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa003","article-title":"Evaluation of clinically meaningful changes in measures of frailty","volume":"75","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pers Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib28","series-title":"Derived Variable Specifications \u2013 Satisfaction With Life","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/36.4.428","article-title":"The development, validity, and reliability of the OARS multidimensional functional assessment questionnaire","volume":"36","author":"Fillenbaum","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib30","series-title":"Derived Variable Specifications \u2013 Basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab175","article-title":"Reliability and minimal detectable change values for performance-based measures of physical functioning in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging","volume":"76","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib32","series-title":"Standard Operating Procedure v.1.2","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib33","series-title":"Chair rise test. Standard Operating Procedure v.1.2","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib34","series-title":"Standard Operating Procedure v.2.1","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib35","series-title":"Derived Variables \u2013 Nutritional Risk (NUR) (Tracking and Comprehensive Assessments), V1.2","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90053-4","article-title":"The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): development and evaluation","volume":"46","author":"Washburn","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib37","series-title":"Sampling and Computation of Response Rates and Sample Weights for the Tracking (Telephone Interview) Participants and Comprehensive Participants. V1.2","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib38","article-title":"Unweighted versus weighted regression methods may be sufficient to analyze complex survey data in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","author":"Oremus","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13605","article-title":"Risk of nonspine fractures in older adults with sarcopenia, low bone mass, or both","volume":"63","author":"Chalhoub","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.02.005","article-title":"Incremental predictive value of sarcopenia for incident fracture in an elderly Chinese cohort: results from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOs) Study","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-09-0431","article-title":"The GH\/IGF1 axis and signaling pathways in the muscle and bone: mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and osteoporosis","volume":"205","author":"Perrini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1255-1","article-title":"Serum myostatin and IGF-1 as gender-specific biomarkers of frailty and low muscle mass in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"23","author":"Chew","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.10.1059","article-title":"The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study","volume":"61","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0312","article-title":"Higher testosterone levels are associated with less loss of lean body mass in older men","volume":"96","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8201","article-title":"Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study","volume":"87","author":"Feldman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.12.025","article-title":"Severe osteopenia and osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and frailty status in community-dwelling older women: results from the Women's Health and Aging Study (WHAS) II","volume":"48","author":"Frisoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237454","article-title":"Risk factors predicting osteosarcopenia in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Okamura","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/482940","article-title":"Sarco-osteoporosis: prevalence and association with frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older adults","volume":"2015","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102957","article-title":"Nutrition mediates the relationship between\u00a0osteosarcopenia and frailty: a pathway analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12870","article-title":"Associations of osteoporosis and sarcopenia with frailty and multimorbidity among participants of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study","volume":"13","author":"Laskou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4596-4","article-title":"Do sarcopenia and\/or osteoporosis increase the risk of frailty? A 4-year observation of the second and third ROAD study surveys","volume":"29","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.11.025","article-title":"Sarcopenia in Asia: consensus report of the Asian working group for sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.674724","article-title":"The association of osteosarcopenia with functional disability in community-dwelling Mexican adults 50 and older","volume":"8","author":"L\u00f3pez-Teros","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027_bib54","article-title":"Aging muscle and sarcopenia","volume":"10","author":"Kirk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ref Modul Biomed Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861023008344?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861023008344?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T19:34:41Z","timestamp":1761507281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525861023008344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525861023008344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-8610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-8610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between Osteosarcopenia and Falls, Fractures, and Frailty in Older Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.09.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}