{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:30:57Z","timestamp":1786991457918,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,6]],"date-time":"2027-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1804291200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":309,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG084068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG084068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG073052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG073052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jamda.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T03:09:29Z","timestamp":1772852969000},"page":"106142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disparities in the Setting of Initial Dementia Diagnosis: Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Primary Care Use"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9356-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Bloschichak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Makineni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Temkin-Greener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeates","family":"Conwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.216","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia from 1994 to 2012 in a population study","volume":"15","author":"Rajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4377-y","article-title":"Underdiagnosis of dementia: an observational study of patterns in diagnosis and awareness in US older adults","volume":"33","author":"Amjad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181a6bebc","article-title":"Missed and delayed diagnosis of dementia in primary care: prevalence and contributing factors","volume":"23","author":"Bradford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150692","article-title":"Timely diagnosis for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a literature review on benefits and challenges","volume":"49","author":"Dubois","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib6","first-page":"123","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013why we need early diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2022047","article-title":"The physician\u2019s Alzheimer\u2019s disease management guide: early detection and diagnosis of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementia","volume":"9","author":"Reiss","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIMS Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.04.005","article-title":"The impact of early dementia diagnosis and intervention on informal caregivers","volume":"110","author":"De Vugt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1529","article-title":"Pharmacologic interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review","volume":"168","author":"Fink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0399","article-title":"Assessment of racial\/ethnic disparities in timeliness and comprehensiveness of dementia diagnosis in California","volume":"78","author":"Tsoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001577","article-title":"Dementia diagnosis disparities by race and ethnicity","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.07.005","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of dementia diagnosis and specialty care among racially diverse Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"15","author":"Drabo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh018","article-title":"Relation of education and occupation-based socioeconomic status to incident Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"159","author":"Karp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.2174\/156720501209151019111448","article-title":"Socio-economic aspects of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Maresova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.36030","article-title":"Primary care pracitioner perspectives on the role of primary care in dementia diagnosis and care","volume":"6","author":"Sideman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2024.100035","article-title":"Determinants of dementia diagnosis in US primary care in the past decade: a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Cox","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-023-02229-9","article-title":"Dementia and comorbidities in primary care: a scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Bergman","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib19","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s Association clinical practice guideline for the diagnostic evaluation, testing, counseling, and disclosure of suspected Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): validated clinical assessment instruments","volume":"21","author":"Atri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12657-1","article-title":"The significance of a dementia diagnosis from the perspective of the family caregivers: a qualitative study","volume":"25","author":"Molvik","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib21","first-page":"398","article-title":"Evaluation of suspected dementia","volume":"97","author":"Falk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.19236","article-title":"Differences in setting of initial dementia diagnosis among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"73","author":"White","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib23","author":"Sanders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002247","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in understanding dementia and delirium in the acute hospital","volume":"14","author":"Jackson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2010.01194.x","article-title":"The residential history file: studying nursing home residents\u2019 long-term care histories","volume":"46","author":"Intrator","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001201","article-title":"Use of Medicare data to identify team-based primary care: is it possible?","volume":"57","author":"Kuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17120","article-title":"Potentially inappropriate medication prescribing by nurse practitioners and physicians","volume":"69","author":"Chou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52054.x","article-title":"The relationship between a dementia diagnosis, chronic illness, medicare expenditures, and hospital use","volume":"52","author":"Bynum","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the lancet standing commission","volume":"404","author":"Livingston","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2009.0629","article-title":"The revolving door of rehospitalization from skilled nursing facilities","volume":"29","author":"Mor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902234","article-title":"The clinical course of advanced dementia","volume":"361","author":"Mitchell","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.06.2360","article-title":"Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in United States race\/ethnic populations","volume":"13","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2650","article-title":"Over-and under-diagnosis of dementia in ethnic minorities: a nationwide register-based study","volume":"26","author":"Nielsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.27610","article-title":"Case definition for diagnosed alzheimer disease and related dementias in Medicare","volume":"7","author":"Gianattasio","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03361-w","article-title":"Dementia and Parkinson\u2019s disease diagnoses in electronic health records vs. Medicare claims data: a study of 101,980 linked patients","volume":"23","author":"Lusk","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-016-9281-5","article-title":"Caregiving practice patterns of Asian, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White American family caregivers of older adults across generations","volume":"31","author":"Miyawaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cross Cult Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2014.11.007","article-title":"Rates of formal diagnosis of dementia in primary care: the effect of screening","volume":"1","author":"Eichler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M621","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.6.M621","article-title":"Dementia assessment in primary care: results from a study in three managed care systems","volume":"59","author":"Boise","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.19.2964","article-title":"The detection of dementia in the primary care setting","volume":"160","author":"Valcour","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib43","author":"Freed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.15227","article-title":"Comparison of Medicare advantage vs traditional Medicare for health care access, affordability, and use of preventive services among adults with low income","volume":"5","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70129","article-title":"Time to diagnosis in dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Kusoro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861026000320?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525861026000320?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:08:32Z","timestamp":1777885712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525861026000320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525861026000320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-8610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-8610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disparities in the Setting of Initial Dementia Diagnosis: Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Primary Care Use","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106142","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medical Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106142"}}