{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:48:55Z","timestamp":1785908935216,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,7,7]],"date-time":"2027-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1814918400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":340,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG071692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG071692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jamda.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:09:33Z","timestamp":1783393773000},"page":"106342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Depressive and Behavioral Symptoms in US Nursing Home Residents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-5648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonggyu","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate L.","family":"Lapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16562","article-title":"COVID-19 in the long-term care setting: the CMS perspective","volume":"68","author":"Levitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.07.001","article-title":"Long-term care, residential facilities, and COVID-19: an overview of federal and state policy responses","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13484","article-title":"Social Isolation\u2014the other COVID-19 threat in nursing homes","volume":"324","author":"Abbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib4","series-title":"2023 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08186-w","article-title":"Health impact of the first and second wave of COVID-19 and related restrictive measures among nursing home residents: a scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Verbiest","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/10497323211050910","article-title":"Implications of COVID-19 on the loneliness of older adults in residential care homes","volume":"32","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib7","series-title":"Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation: The U.S. Surgeon General\u2019s Advisory on the Healing Effects of Social Connection and Community [Internet]","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/workar\/waaa021","article-title":"The psychological consequences of the COVID-19 on residents and staff in nursing homes","volume":"6","author":"Mo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Work Aging Retire"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahr.2022.100053","article-title":"Retrospective feelings of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of long-term care facilities","volume":"2","author":"Huber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-023-00787-6","article-title":"Consequences of contact restrictions for long-term care residents during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Benzinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20220111-02","article-title":"\u201cThey just took him out of my life\u201d: nursing home care partner experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"48","author":"Kusmaul","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15712","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315712","article-title":"Emotional impact and perception of support in nursing home residents during the COVID-19 lockdown: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Crespo-Mart\u00edn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.15071","article-title":"Changes in health and quality of life in US skilled nursing facilities by COVID-19 exposure status in 2020","volume":"328","author":"Barnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.03.010","article-title":"The adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing home resident well-being","volume":"22","author":"Levere","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11080986","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on a long-term care facility: the role of social contact","volume":"11","author":"Pereiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igac036","article-title":"Unintended consequences of pandemic management strategies on residents and family in one long-term care home in British Columbia: a patient-supported qualitative study","volume":"6","author":"Staempfli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20230309-05","article-title":"Nursing home residents\u2019 experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"49","author":"Raciti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1857695","article-title":"Challenging behavior of nursing home residents during COVID-19 measures in the Netherlands","volume":"25","author":"Leontjevas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.09.007","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 measures on well-being of older long-term care facility residents in the Netherlands","volume":"21","author":"Van der Roest","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.839683","article-title":"Prevalence of behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with cognitive decline before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"13","author":"Kuroda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac126","article-title":"Surviving through solitude: a prospective national study of the impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic and a visiting ban on loneliness among nursing home residents in Sweden","volume":"77","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychosocial changes during COVID-19 lockdown on nursing home residents, their relatives and clinical staff: a prospective observational study","volume":"23","author":"De","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043398","article-title":"Depression and medicine use among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of psychosocial resources and COVID-19 perceived susceptibility","volume":"20","author":"Greenblatt-Kimron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.07.003","article-title":"The effects of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on mood, behavior, and social and cognitive functioning in older long-term care residents","volume":"23","author":"Angevaare","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.10.028","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on long-term care residents\u2019 mental health: a data-driven approach in New Brunswick","volume":"22","author":"McArthur","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2023.05.018","article-title":"Rising to the occasion: a national nursing home study documenting attempts to address social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"24","author":"Lapane","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib27","article-title":"The impact of Covid-19-related distancing on the well-being of nursing home residents and their family members: a qualitative study","volume":"3","author":"Paananen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2025.105837","article-title":"Changes in nursing home staffing instability throughout the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Segelman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2215254","article-title":"Decolonization in nursing homes to prevent infection and hospitalization","volume":"389","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301519","article-title":"Influenza and seasonal patterns of hospital use by older adults in long-term care and community settings in Ontario, Canada","volume":"104","author":"Gruneir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib32","series-title":"Long-Term Care Facility Resident Assessment Instrument 3.0 User\u2019s Manual, Version 1.18.11","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648251324269","article-title":"Changes in federal and state policies on visitation restrictions in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2025.105682","article-title":"Lifting federal visitation restriction and COVID-19 infections in nursing homes","volume":"26","author":"Bowblis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.06.003","article-title":"Testing the PHQ-9 interview and observational versions (PHQ-9 OV) for MDS 3.0","volume":"13","author":"Saliba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200412000-00006","article-title":"Monitoring depression treatment outcomes with the patient health Questionnaire-9","volume":"42","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.112004","article-title":"Enhancing the clinical utility of depression screening","volume":"184","author":"Kroenke","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2607","article-title":"Determining the minimum clinically important differences for outcomes in the DOMINO trial","volume":"26","author":"Howard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000334","article-title":"The minimum data set 3.0 cognitive function scale","volume":"55","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.08.002","article-title":"Shortages of staff in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: what are the driving factors?","volume":"21","author":"Xu Phd","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01269","article-title":"Severe staffing and personal protective equipment shortages faced by nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"39","author":"McGarry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70108","article-title":"Depressive symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in veteran nursing home residents","volume":"40","author":"Benz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02530-1","article-title":"From wave to wave: a Dutch national study on the long-term impact of COVID-19 on well-being and family visitation in nursing homes","volume":"21","author":"Backhaus","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4275","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074275","article-title":"Health equity implications of the COVID-19 lockdown and visitation strategies in long-term care homes in Ontario: a mixed method study","volume":"19","author":"Saad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152586102600232X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152586102600232X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T05:21:09Z","timestamp":1785907269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152586102600232X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S152586102600232X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-8610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-8610","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Depressive and Behavioral Symptoms in US Nursing Home Residents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2026.106342","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medical Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106342"}}