{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:31:00Z","timestamp":1786991460597,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":353,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["andjrnl.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T20:19:55Z","timestamp":1671481195000},"page":"1152-1161.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of the Ketogenic Ratio of Macronutrients With the Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Their Association With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: A Secondary Analysis of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Titcomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-7994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry L.","family":"Wahls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda G.","family":"Snetselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9693-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aladdin H.","family":"Shadyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8193-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fred K.","family":"Tabung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2819-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazmus","family":"Saquib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrisa","family":"Arcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley F.","family":"Tinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6040-3803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert B.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.2633","article-title":"The ketogenic diet for obesity and diabetes-enthusiasm outpaces evidence","volume":"179","author":"Joshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.08.003","volume":"13","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib3","article-title":"Nutritional ketosis and mitohormesis: potential implications for mitochondrial function and human health","volume":"2018","author":"Miller","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-018-1636-y","article-title":"Overweight and diabetes prevention: is a low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet recommendable?","volume":"57","author":"Brouns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072005","article-title":"Impact of a ketogenic diet on metabolic parameters in patients with obesity or overweight and with or without type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01568-8","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diets and type 2 diabetes treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"Silverii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001040","article-title":"Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"145","author":"Joseph","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275173","article-title":"Short-term feeding of a ketogenic diet induces more severe hepatic insulin resistance than an obesogenic high-fat diet","volume":"596","author":"Grandl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E808","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00361.2010","article-title":"A\u00a0high-fat, ketogenic diet causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice, despite increasing energy expenditure and preventing weight gain","volume":"299","author":"Jornayvaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-112347","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate-diet score and its association with the risk of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"49","author":"Namazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.2.339","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate-diet score and risk of type 2 diabetes in women","volume":"87","author":"Halton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.03.039","article-title":"A\u00a0model for determining total ketogenic ratio (TKR) for evaluating the ketogenic property of a weight-reduction diet","volume":"73","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00075","article-title":"Ketogenic ratio determines metabolic effects of macronutrients and prevents interpretive bias","volume":"5","author":"Zilberter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib14","first-page":"635","article-title":"The ketogenic diet: mechanism of anticonvulsant action","volume":"27","author":"Withrow","year":"1980","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00042-5","article-title":"The Women's Health Initiative recruitment methods and results","volume":"13","author":"Hays","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00047-4","article-title":"The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study: baseline characteristics of participants and reliability of baseline measures","volume":"13","author":"Langer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(97)00078-0","article-title":"Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group","volume":"19","year":"1998","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1995.4.519","article-title":"Informed consent in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial and Observational Study","volume":"4","author":"McTiernan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Women's Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114416","article-title":"A\u00a0data-based approach to diet questionnaire design and testing","volume":"124","author":"Block","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00055-6","article-title":"Measurement characteristics of the Women's Health Initiative food frequency questionnaire","volume":"9","author":"Patterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)07997-9","article-title":"Sources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database","volume":"88","author":"Schakel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib22","unstructured":"Women\u2019s Health Initiative. Data preparation and use of WHI investigator datasets. 2020. Accessed July 1, 2022. https:\/\/www.whi.org\/doc\/WHI_Data_Preparation_and_Use.pdf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.12217","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology - nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut): an extension of the STROBE statement","volume":"41","author":"Lachat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774508091749","article-title":"Validity of diabetes self-reports in the Women's Health Initiative: comparison with medication inventories and fasting glucose measurements","volume":"5","author":"Margolis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.019","article-title":"Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-2015","volume":"118","author":"Reedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.31.2.8","article-title":"Validation of the WHI brief physical activity questionnaire among women diagnosed with breast cancer","volume":"31","author":"Johnson-Kozlow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib28","series-title":"The SAS system for Windows","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1642","article-title":"Low carbohydrate-diet scores and long-term risk of type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.004333","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men","volume":"93","author":"de Koning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e262","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2017.12","article-title":"Olive oil in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and intervention trials","volume":"7","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212267222012539?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212267222012539?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T20:35:54Z","timestamp":1761942954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212267222012539"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2212267222012539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-2672"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-2672","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of the Ketogenic Ratio of Macronutrients With the Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Their Association With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: A Secondary Analysis of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2022.12.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}