{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:27:43Z","timestamp":1792132063144,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,31]],"date-time":"2006-12-31T07:04:46Z","timestamp":1167548686000},"page":"944-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Sensory-processing sensitivity in social anxiety disorder: Relationship to harm avoidance and diagnostic subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Stefan G.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Bitran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Changes on the temperament and character inventory after paroxetine treatment in volunteers with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"34","author":"Allgulander","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib2","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: APA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.2.345","article-title":"Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality","volume":"73","author":"Aron","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167204271419","article-title":"Adult shyness: the interaction of temperamental sensitivity and an adverse childhood environment","volume":"31","author":"Aron","year":"2005","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(89)80060-7","article-title":"The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory: concurrent and external validity","volume":"20","author":"Beidel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0505","article-title":"Personality changes in adult subjects with major depressive disorder or obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder treated with paroxetine","volume":"61","author":"Brody","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.49","article-title":"Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: implications for the classification of emotional disorders","volume":"110","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00084-3","article-title":"The measurement of individual differences in behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation systems: a comparison of personality scales","volume":"34","author":"Caseras","year":"2003","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb10144.x","article-title":"An investigation into the psychobiology of social phobia: Personality domains and serotonergic function","volume":"95","author":"Chatterjee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00124-X","article-title":"Scrutinizing the relationship between shyness and social phobia","volume":"16","author":"Chavira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(95)00041-0","article-title":"The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire in depression: state versus trait issues","volume":"30","author":"Chien","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.1.103","article-title":"Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"103","author":"Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib13","unstructured":"Cloninger, C. R. (1987a). Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, version 4. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014","article-title":"A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants","volume":"44","author":"Cloninger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1991.69.3.1047","article-title":"The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: U.S. normative data","volume":"69","author":"Cloninger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib16","series-title":"The temperament and character inventory (TCI): a guide to its development and use","author":"Cloninger","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.21.1.118","article-title":"Origins of individual differences in infant shyness","volume":"21","author":"Daniels","year":"1985","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib18","series-title":"Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: lifetime version (ADIS-IV-L)","author":"DiNardo","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib19","series-title":"A model for personality","author":"Eysenck","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820160056007","article-title":"A direct interview family study if social phobia","volume":"50","author":"Fyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib21","first-page":"61","article-title":"The neuropsychology of anxiety: reprise","volume":"Vol. 43","author":"Gray","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib22","first-page":"1308","article-title":"Linking self-reported childhood behavioral inhibition to adolescent social phobia","volume":"37","author":"Hayward","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00003-7","article-title":"Shyness: relationship to social phobia and other psychiatric disorders","volume":"41","author":"Heiser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.9.1436","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of sertraline, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of dysthymia: effects on personality","volume":"157","author":"Hellerstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.2.332","article-title":"Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder","volume":"101","author":"Herbert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.07.004","article-title":"The nature and expression of social phobia: toward a new classification","volume":"24","author":"Hofmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.03.010","article-title":"The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: changes during psychological treatment of social phobia","volume":"40","author":"Hofmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.1.224","article-title":"Psychophysiological differences between subtypes of social phobia","volume":"104","author":"Hofmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.2.318","article-title":"Avoidant personality disorder and the generalized subtype of social phobia","volume":"101","author":"Holt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib30","series-title":"From social anxiety to social phobia: multiple perspectives","first-page":"216","article-title":"Temperamental contributions to affective and behavioral profiles in childhood","author":"Kagan","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3353713","article-title":"Biological bases of childhood shyness","volume":"240","author":"Kagan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.9.859","article-title":"Parental psychopathology, parenting style, and risk of social phobia offspring","volume":"75","author":"Lieb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0811","article-title":"Patterns of temperament and character in subjects with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"62","author":"Lyoo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib35","first-page":"1511","article-title":"A high-risk pilot study of the children of adults with social phobia","volume":"35","author":"Mancini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950150062011","article-title":"Generalized social phobia: reliability and validity","volume":"52","author":"Mannuzza","year":"1995","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480310000239","article-title":"Personality dimensions measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in subjects with social phobia","volume":"57","author":"Marteinsdottir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(97)00046-7","article-title":"Social anxiety and history of behavioral inhibition in young adults","volume":"12","author":"Mick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502760387489","article-title":"Behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression: is there a specific relationship with social phobia?","volume":"41","author":"Neal","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(03)00076-X","article-title":"The etiology of social phobia: toward a developmental profile","volume":"23","author":"Neal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib41","first-page":"5","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition in children: a possible precursor to panic disorder and social phobia","volume":"52","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib42","first-page":"10","article-title":"The etiology of social phobia","volume":"55","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib43","first-page":"1008","article-title":"Adolescent social anxiety as an outcome of inhibited behavior in childhood","volume":"38","author":"Schwartz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03419.x","article-title":"A twin study of DSM-III-R anxiety disorders","volume":"88","author":"Skre","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.90","article-title":"A direct-interview family study of generalized social phobia","volume":"155","author":"Stein","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010108)105:1<79::AID-AJMG1067>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Familial aggregation of anxiety-related quantitative traits in generalized social phobia: Clues to understanding \u201cdisorder\u201d heritability?","volume":"105","author":"Stein","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics\u2013Neuropsychiatric Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1606","article-title":"Disability and quality of life in social phobia: epidemiologic findings","volume":"157","author":"Stein","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.11.1046","article-title":"Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity","volume":"57","author":"Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02655-G","article-title":"Affective state dependence of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire","volume":"57","author":"Strakowski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.1.1.35","article-title":"An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory","volume":"1","author":"Turner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618506002313?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618506002313?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:48:57Z","timestamp":1760136537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887618506002313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"alternative-id":["S0887618506002313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sensory-processing sensitivity in social anxiety disorder: Relationship to harm avoidance and diagnostic subtypes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}