{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:27:45Z","timestamp":1790371665766,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,14]],"date-time":"2008-03-14T10:06:04Z","timestamp":1205489164000},"page":"1535-1541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of sleep paralysis in adults reporting childhood sexual abuse"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Murray P.","family":"Abrams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashlee D.","family":"Mulligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Nicholas","family":"Carleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon J.G.","family":"Asmundson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib1","unstructured":"Abrams, M. P., Carleton, R. N., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (in press). Human tonic immobility: measurement and correlates. Depression and Anxiety."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(99)00035-3","article-title":"Emotional processing in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a comparison with traumatized and normal controls","volume":"14","author":"Amdur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib3","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.95.1.317-322","article-title":"Comparative prevalence of isolated sleep paralysis in Kuwaiti, Sudanese, and American college students","volume":"95","author":"Awadalla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004","article-title":"Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale","volume":"174","author":"Bernstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL)","volume":"34","author":"Blanchard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204701003","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other psychiatric disorders","volume":"47","author":"Breslau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.3.474","article-title":"Dissociative reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area earthquake of 1989","volume":"150","author":"Carde\u00f1a","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib9","first-page":"16","article-title":"An update on the dissociative experiences scale","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib10","unstructured":"Cheyne, J. A. (2002). Waterloo unusual sleep experiences questionnaire-VIIIa. Retrieved October 18, 2005 from http:\/\/watarts.uwaterloo.ca\/\u223cacheyne\/spquest01.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00477.x","article-title":"Sleep paralysis episode frequency and number, types, and structure of associated hallucinations","volume":"14","author":"Cheyne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/13546800344000264","article-title":"Spatial characteristics of hallucinations associated with sleep paralysis","volume":"9","author":"Cheyne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1006\/ccog.1999.0404","article-title":"Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations during sleep paralysis: neurological and cultural construction of the night-mare","volume":"8","author":"Cheyne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib14","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.6.981","article-title":"Frequency and correlates of posttraumatic-stress-disorder-like symptoms after treatment for breast cancer","volume":"63","author":"Cordova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2004.08.004","article-title":"PTSD in victims of sexual assault: test of a major component of the Ehlers-Clark Theory","volume":"37","author":"Fairbrother","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DREM.0000005896.68083.ae","article-title":"The prevalence of sleep paralysis among Canadian and Japanese college students","volume":"8","author":"Fukuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dreaming"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.2.93","article-title":"Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet Questionnaires","volume":"59","author":"Gosling","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.08.005","article-title":"Tonic immobility and childhood sexual abuse: a preliminary report evaluating the sequela of rape-induced paralysis","volume":"43","author":"Heidt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.11.008","article-title":"The roles of peritraumatic dissociation, child physical abuse, and child sexual abuse in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and adult victimization","volume":"29","author":"Hetzel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20084","article-title":"Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: association with PTSD diagnosis and severity","volume":"22","author":"Hinton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib22","series-title":"Advances in neurology","first-page":"245","article-title":"Physiology of REM sleep, cataplexy and sleep paralysis","author":"Hishikawa","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib23","series-title":"Sleep","author":"Hobson","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461505050709","article-title":"Sleep paralysis as a spiritual experience","volume":"42","author":"Hufford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.6.2.115","article-title":"Estimating and testing mediation and moderation in within-subject designs","volume":"6","author":"Judd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.6.888","article-title":"Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of the Oakland\/Berkeley, California, firestorm","volume":"151","author":"Koopman","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013029819358","article-title":"The relationship of sleep quality and posttraumatic stress to potential sleep disorders in sexual assault survivors with nightmares, insomnia, and PTSD","volume":"14","author":"Krakow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.2001.2344","article-title":"Absorption: construct explication by q-sort assessments of personality","volume":"36","author":"Kremen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib29","series-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","first-page":"144","article-title":"The peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire","author":"Marmar","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.05.003","article-title":"Sleep paralysis in adults reporting repressed, recovered, or continuous memories of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"19","author":"McNally","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2005.04.002","article-title":"Sleep paralysis and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse: a reply to Pendergrast","volume":"20","author":"McNally","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v81i10.9233","article-title":"Features of isolated sleep paralysis among Nigerians","volume":"81","author":"Ohaeri","year":"2004","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2000.16568","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population","volume":"41","author":"Ohayon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2005.07.002","article-title":"Rates of isolated sleep paralysis in outpatients with anxiety disorders","volume":"20","author":"Otto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.1.52","article-title":"Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"129","author":"Ozer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib36","unstructured":"Paradis, C. M., Hinton, D. E., & McNally, R. J. (2004). Downstate-Harvard unusual sleep experiences questionnaire. Unpublished questionnaire, Marymount Manhattan College, New York."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2005.03.005","article-title":"Sleep paralysis and recovered memories of sexual abuse: comment on McNally and Clancy (2005)","volume":"20","author":"Pendergrast","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.59.1.91","article-title":"Absorption: nature, assessment, and correlates","volume":"59","author":"Roche","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00431-6","article-title":"The impact of PTSD on pain experiences in persons with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"98","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.1995.1017","article-title":"The frequency and correlates of sleep paralysis in a university sample","volume":"29","author":"Spanos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib42","series-title":"Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (self-evaluation questionnaire)","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03394619","article-title":"Tonic immobility as a response to rape in humans: a theoretical note","volume":"29","author":"Suarez","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychological Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib44","series-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.19.2.176","article-title":"Robust dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: development and initial validation of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3","volume":"19","author":"Taylor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036681","article-title":"Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (\u201cabsorption\u201d), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility","volume":"83","author":"Tellegen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib47","unstructured":"Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD checklist: reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the international society of traumatic stress studies, San Antonio, TX, October."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.7.609","article-title":"Sleep paralysis in Chinese: ghost oppression phenomenon in Hong Kong","volume":"17","author":"Wing","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618508000704?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618508000704?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:50:45Z","timestamp":1760136645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887618508000704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0887618508000704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence and correlates of sleep paralysis in adults reporting childhood sexual abuse","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}