{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:15:24Z","timestamp":1791422124292,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,19]],"date-time":"2008-10-19T04:17:03Z","timestamp":1224389823000},"page":"482-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Interpreting facial expressions: The influence of social anxiety, emotional valence, and race"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lora Rose","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia D.","family":"Buckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman B.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.044","article-title":"Increased activation of the anterior cingulated cortex during processing of disgust faces in individuals with social phobia","volume":"57","author":"Amir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200403000-00019","article-title":"Children's discrimination of expressions of emotions: Relationships with indices of social anxiety and shyness","volume":"43","author":"Battaglia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib4","series-title":"Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective","author":"Beck","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib5","series-title":"Manual for the Beck depression inventory","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.1.21","article-title":"Validation of the social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale across the anxiety disorders","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.03.002","article-title":"Peer influence and gender differences in problematic cannabis use among individuals with social anxiety","volume":"20","author":"Buckner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckner, J. D., Bernert, R. A., Cromer, K. R., Joiner, T. E., & Schmidt, N. B. (2008). Social anxiety and insomnia: The mediating role of depressive symptoms. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 124\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20282"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2007.01.002","article-title":"Specificity of social anxiety disorder as a risk factor for alcohol and cannabis dependence","volume":"42","author":"Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.07.003","article-title":"The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses","volume":"26","author":"Butler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib11","series-title":"Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025484","article-title":"The epidemiology of social phobia: Findings from the Duke epidemiological catchment area study","volume":"23","author":"Davidson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.2.203","article-title":"On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis","volume":"128","author":"Elfenbein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.1.131","article-title":"Toward a dialect theory: Cultural differences in the expression and recognition of posed facial expressions","volume":"7","author":"Elfenbein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/026999399379294","article-title":"Attentional biases for facial expressions in social phobia: The face-in-the-crowd paradigm","volume":"13","author":"Gilboa-Schechtman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.03.001","article-title":"The effects of social anxiety and depression on the evaluation of facial crowds","volume":"43","author":"Gilboa-Schechtman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n1102","article-title":"The epidemiology of social anxiety disorder in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions","volume":"66","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80308-9","article-title":"Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The social interaction anxiety scale and the social phobia scale","volume":"23","author":"Heimberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.02.016","article-title":"Face to face: Visual scanpath evidence for abnormal processing of facial expressions in social phobia","volume":"127","author":"Horley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.4.705","article-title":"Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia","volume":"115","author":"Joormann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib21","first-page":"139","article-title":"The National Comorbidity Survey: Preliminary results and future directions","volume":"5","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830160031005","article-title":"Lifetime co-occurrence of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse and dependence with other psychiatric disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"54","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008375","article-title":"Lifetime comorbidities between social phobia and mood disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"29","author":"Kessler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib25","first-page":"141","article-title":"Social phobia","volume":"22","author":"Liebowitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Modern Problems of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)10031-6","article-title":"Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety","volume":"36","author":"Mattick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.90.3.215","article-title":"Toward an ecological theory of social perception","volume":"90","author":"McArthur","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006753006870","article-title":"Associations between social anxiety and nonverbal processing skill in preadolescent boys and girls","volume":"25","author":"McClure","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib29","first-page":"261","article-title":"Measuring cue perception: Assessment of reliability and validity","volume":"1","author":"McIntire","year":"1999","journal-title":"North American Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015665521371","article-title":"Do socially anxious children show deficits in classifying facial expressions of emotions?","volume":"26","author":"Melfsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(89)90048-X","article-title":"Psychophysiological and subjective reactions of social phobics and normals to facial stimuli","volume":"27","author":"Merckelbach","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.40","article-title":"Misunderstanding analysis of covariance","volume":"110","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JONB.0000017865.24656.98","article-title":"Effects of social anxiety on nonverbal accuracy and response time. I. Facial expressions","volume":"28","author":"Mullins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.1993.9713934","article-title":"The measurement of emotional intensity from facial expression: THE DANVA FACES 2","volume":"133","author":"Nowicki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02169077","article-title":"Individual differences in the nonverbal communication of affect: The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Scale","volume":"18","author":"Nowicki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/00957984980243005","article-title":"A test of the ability to recognize emotion in the facial expressions of African American adults","volume":"24","author":"Nowicki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Black Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023067302227","article-title":"The social phobia and social interaction anxiety scales: Evaluation of psychometric properties","volume":"20","author":"Osman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465802001030","article-title":"Social-anxiety, self-focused attention, and the discrimination of negative, neutral, and positive audience members by their non-verbal behaviors","volume":"30","author":"Perowne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.05.005","article-title":"Social phobics do not misinterpret facial expression of emotion","volume":"43","author":"Philippot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia","volume":"35","author":"Rapee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.004","article-title":"The etiology of social phobia: Empirical evidence and an initial model","volume":"24","author":"Rapee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review. Special Issue: Social Phobia and Social Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.92.3.641","article-title":"Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model","volume":"92","author":"Schlenker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820040034004","article-title":"Social phobia: Comorbidity and morbidity in an epidemiologic sample","volume":"49","author":"Schneier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib44","first-page":"322","article-title":"Functional impairment in social phobia","volume":"55","author":"Schneier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012298707253","article-title":"Recognition of facial affect by children and adolescents diagnosed with social phobia","volume":"32","author":"Simonian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry and Human Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib46","series-title":"Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.11.1046","article-title":"Social phobia symptoms, subtypes, and severity: Findings from a community survey","volume":"57","author":"Stein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib48","series-title":"Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology","first-page":"54","article-title":"Ethnicity, gender, and cross-cultural issues in clinical research","author":"Sue","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(95)00058-5","article-title":"Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for social phobia","volume":"27","author":"Taylor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00016-3","article-title":"Detection of negative and positive audience behaviours by socially anxious subjects","volume":"36","author":"Veljaca","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)E0019-F","article-title":"Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and detection of negative emotion in others","volume":"33","author":"Winton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618508001837?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618508001837?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:51:10Z","timestamp":1760136670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887618508001837"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0887618508001837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Interpreting facial expressions: The influence of social anxiety, emotional valence, and race","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.10.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}