{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:04:09Z","timestamp":1791396249834,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"ZON-MW (Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development)","award":["40-00812-98-11029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40-00812-98-11029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,8]],"date-time":"2016-05-08T11:52:45Z","timestamp":1462708365000},"page":"22-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":212,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The default response to uncertainty and the importance of perceived safety in anxiety and stress: An evolution-theoretical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jos F.","family":"Brosschot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Verkuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian F.","family":"Thayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.042007912.x","article-title":"Heart rate and heart rate variability changes in the intracarotid sodium amobarbital test","volume":"42","author":"Ahern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1399","article-title":"Medial prefrontal cortex determines how stressor controllability affects behavior and dorsal raphe nucleus","volume":"8","author":"Amat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0015","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22043","article-title":"Let's get physical: a contemporary review of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for anxiety and its disorders","volume":"30","author":"Asmundson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20287","article-title":"The units of thought","volume":"17","author":"Bar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.1.1","article-title":"Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study","volume":"133","author":"Bar-Haim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371105601202","article-title":"Anxiety: an evolutionary approach","volume":"56","author":"Bateson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4092","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3122-14.2015","article-title":"Juvenile obesity enhances emotional memory and amygdala plasticity through glucocorticoids","volume":"35","author":"Boitard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0045","series-title":"Worrying. Perspectives on theory, assesment and treatment","first-page":"5","article-title":"The nature, functions, and origins of worry","author":"Borkovec","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0050","series-title":"Mindfulness and acceptance: expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition","first-page":"209","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder: bringing cognitive behavioral therapy into the valued present","author":"Borkovec","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.68","article-title":"Two alternative job stress models and the risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"88","author":"Bosma","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162845","article-title":"Attentional bias for emotional faces in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"38","author":"Bradley","year":"1999","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.1200","article-title":"Water bathing alters threat perception in starlings","volume":"8","author":"Brilot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074","article-title":"The perseverative cognition hypothesis: a review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health","volume":"60","author":"Brosschot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.02.002","article-title":"Conscious and unconscious perseverative cognition: is a large part of prolonged physiological activity due to unconscious stress?","volume":"69","author":"Brosschot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.01.004","article-title":"Markers of chronic stress: prolonged physiological activation and (un)conscious perseverative cognition","volume":"35","author":"Brosschot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(83)90015-2","article-title":"Cognitive-processes in anxiety","volume":"5","author":"Butler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015240","article-title":"The neuroendocrinology of social isolation","volume":"Vol. 66","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.12.82","article-title":"The intolerance of uncertainty construct in the context of anxiety disorders: theoretical and practical perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Carleton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.02.007","article-title":"Into the unknown: a review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty","volume":"39","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.03.011","article-title":"Fear of the unknown: one fear to rule them all?","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm584","article-title":"Work stress and coronary heart disease: what are the mechanisms?","volume":"29","author":"Chandola","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13703","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4270-08.2008","article-title":"The sensory insular cortex mediates the stress-Buffering effects of safety signals but not behavioral control","volume":"28","author":"Christianson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407509360900","article-title":"Adult attachment and the brain","volume":"27","author":"Coan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personal Relationships"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.104.1.214","article-title":"Predicted versus unpredicted panic attacks\u2014acute versus general distress","volume":"104","author":"Craske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025738","article-title":"Elevated responding to safe conditions as a specific risk factor for anxiety versus depressive disorders: evidence from a longitudinal investigation","volume":"121","author":"Craske","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006","article-title":"Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach","volume":"58","author":"Craske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.043","article-title":"Nociceptive sensitization reduces predation risk","volume":"24","author":"Crook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0145","series-title":"<PL>Oxford University Press<\/PL>","first-page":"217","author":"Damasio","year":"1991"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3093","article-title":"Social influences on neuroplasticity: stress and interventions to promote well-being","volume":"15","author":"Davidson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000038","article-title":"Psychophysiological responses to unpredictable threat: effects of cue and temporal unpredictability","volume":"15","author":"Davies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00288-1","article-title":"Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety?","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.11.003","article-title":"Release from restraint generates a positive judgement bias in sheep","volume":"122","author":"Doyle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22353","article-title":"Updated meta-analysis of classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders","volume":"32","author":"Duits","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.08.009","article-title":"An autonomic flexibility-neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone","volume":"74","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2013.06.009","article-title":"Heart rate variability and its neural correlates during emotional face processing in social anxiety disorder","volume":"94","author":"Gaebler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453465","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/453465","article-title":"Rumination as a mediator of chronic stress effects on hypertension: a causal model","volume":"2012","author":"Gerin","year":"2012","journal-title":"International journal of hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0190","series-title":"Emotions: essays on emotion theory","article-title":"Personality and structure of affective responses","author":"Gilboa","year":"1994"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20616","article-title":"The development of fear learning and generalization in 8\u201313 year-olds","volume":"54","author":"Glenn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Developmental Psychobiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.072","article-title":"Context conditioning and behavioral avoidance in a virtual reality environment: effect of predictability","volume":"60","author":"Grillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.12.028","article-title":"Increased anxiety during anticipation of unpredictable aversive stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder but not in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"66","author":"Grillon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3524","article-title":"Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: an integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective","volume":"14","author":"Grupe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.1.105","article-title":"Loneliness in everyday life: cardiovascular activity, psychosocial context, and health behaviors","volume":"85","author":"Hawkley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.07.004","article-title":"Attentional retraining: a randomized clinical trial for pathological worry","volume":"43","author":"Hazen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.9.913","article-title":"Somatic symptoms and physiologic responses in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder\u2014an ambulatory monitor study","volume":"61","author":"Hoehn-Saric","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2004.02.003","article-title":"Effects of citalopram on worry and brain activation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"131","author":"Hoehn-Saric","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research-Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1214","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0235","first-page":"660","article-title":"Evolution and dissolution of the nervous system. Croonian Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, Lecture II, March 1884","volume":"1","author":"Hughlings Jackson","year":"1884","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.02.023","article-title":"Impaired safety signal learning may be a biomarker of PTSD","volume":"62","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3109\/10641969509087078","article-title":"The defense reaction\u2014a common denominator of coronary risk and blood-pressure in neurogenic hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Julius","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension"},{"issue":"6006","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192439","article-title":"A wandering mind is an unhappy mind","volume":"330","author":"Killingsworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312190-00006","article-title":"Inverse amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to surprised faces","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq237","article-title":"Anxiety dissociates dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity with the amygdala at rest","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.025","article-title":"The structural and functional connectivity of the amygdala: from normal emotion to pathological anxiety","volume":"223","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01283.x","article-title":"Cognitive inhibition in phobia","volume":"37","author":"Kindt","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(99)00016-X","article-title":"High-level cognition in phobics: abstract anticipatory memory is associated with the attenuation of physiological reactivity to threat","volume":"13","author":"Kindt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105670","article-title":"The reaction to social stress in social phobia: discordance between physiological and subjective parameters","volume":"9","author":"Klumbies","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.191","article-title":"Learning not to fear: neural correlates of learned safety","volume":"39","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.06.027","article-title":"Short- and long-term consequences of stressor controllability in adolescent rats","volume":"234","author":"Kubala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(99)00091-4","article-title":"Going to the heart of the matter: do negative emotions cause coronary heart disease?","volume":"48","author":"Kubzansky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00027-3","article-title":"Differences and similarities between obsessive intrusive thoughts and worry in a non-clinical population: study 1","volume":"38","author":"Langlois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00582-2","article-title":"Caregiving and risk of coronary heart disease in US women\u2014a prospective study","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181a292a6","article-title":"Association between anxiety disorders and heart rate variability in The Netherlands study of depression and anxiety (NESDA)","volume":"71","author":"Licht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21922","article-title":"Toward an account of clinical anxiety predicated on basic, neurally mapped mechanisms of pavlovian fear-learning: the case for conditioned overgeneralization","volume":"29","author":"Lissek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-011-0021-6","article-title":"Contextual conditioning in rats as an animal model for generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"11","author":"Luyten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022381608080341","article-title":"On the evolutionary origin of prospect theory preferences","volume":"70","author":"McDermott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Politics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052","article-title":"Cognitive bias modification approaches to anxiety","volume":"Vol. 8","author":"MacLeod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2014.09.003","article-title":"Behavioral control blunts reactions to contemporaneous and future adverse events: medial prefrontal cortex plasticity and a corticostriatal network","volume":"1","author":"Maier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Stress"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3492","article-title":"The contextual brain: implications for fear conditioning, extinction and psychopathology","volume":"14","author":"Maren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.08.001","article-title":"Long-term effects of prenatal stress: changes in adult cardiovascular regulation and sensitivity to stress","volume":"33","author":"Mastorci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.3.309","article-title":"Chronic work stress and marital dissolution increase risk of posttrial mortality in mien from the multiple risk factor intervention trial","volume":"162","author":"Matthews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3071","article-title":"Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut-brain communication","volume":"12","author":"Mayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0360","first-page":"30","article-title":"Protective and damaging effects of mediators of stress \u2212 Elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load","volume":"Vol. 896","author":"McEwen","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004366.pub3","article-title":"Exercise for depression","volume":"4","author":"Mead","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.013","article-title":"Individual differences in fear-potentiated startle as a function of resting heart rate variability: implications for panic disorder","volume":"71","author":"Melzig","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.87.2.256","article-title":"Unpredictable and uncontrollable events \u2212 new perspective on experimental neurosis","volume":"87","author":"Mineka","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.61.1.10","article-title":"A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders\u2014it's not what you thought it was","volume":"61","author":"Mineka","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013343","article-title":"Memory Bias for Threatening Information in Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analytic Review","volume":"134","author":"Mitte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-005-1646-y","article-title":"Attentional bias in generalized anxiety disorder versus depressive disorder","volume":"29","author":"Mogg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.02.014","article-title":"Ventromedial prefrontal cortex is critical for the regulation of amygdala activity in humans","volume":"77","author":"Motzkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.01.007","article-title":"Facilitating a benign interpretation bias in a high socially anxious population","volume":"45","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.002","article-title":"Natural selection and the regulation of defenses\u2014a signal detection analysis of the smoke detector principle","volume":"26","author":"Nesse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolution and Human Behavior"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.06.020","article-title":"The evolutionary origins of mood and its disorders","volume":"22","author":"Nettle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.01.008","article-title":"A novel theory of experiential avoidance in generalized anxiety disorder: a review and synthesis of research supporting a contrast avoidance model of worry","volume":"31","author":"Newman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07101682","article-title":"Anticipatory activation in the amygdala and anterior cingulate in generalized anxiety disorder and prediction of treatment response","volume":"166","author":"Nitschke","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3008","article-title":"Marital stress worsens prognosis in women with coronary heart disease \u2212 The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study","volume":"284","author":"Orth-Gomer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000036","article-title":"Physiological concomitants of perseverative cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105054","article-title":"Resting heart rate variability predicts safety learning and fear extinction in an interoceptive fear conditioning paradigm","volume":"9","author":"Pappens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.10.012","article-title":"Heart rate and heart rate variability in panic, social anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and generalized anxiety disorders at baseline and in response to relaxation and hyperventilation","volume":"87","author":"Pittig","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.06.009","article-title":"The polyvagal perspective","volume":"74","author":"Porges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2006.00008.x","article-title":"Embodied perception and the economy of action","volume":"1","author":"Proffitt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0455","first-page":"263","article-title":"Inhibition of the amygdala: key to pathological states?","volume":"Vol. 985","author":"Quirk","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.676","article-title":"A default mode of brain function","volume":"98","author":"Raichle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.034","article-title":"Anxiety and risk of incident Coronary heart disease a meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Roest","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"9438","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17019-0","article-title":"Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study","volume":"364","author":"Rosengren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00032","article-title":"The rhythm of the heart in the blink of an eye: emotion-modulated startle magnitude covaries with heart rate variability","volume":"40","author":"Ruiz-Padial","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2013.10.005","article-title":"Internet-based Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations in patients with anxiety disorders: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Salemink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2213","article-title":"Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain","volume":"8","author":"Schacter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.03.007","article-title":"Altered functional connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior brainstem in major depression during appraisal of subjective emotional responses: a preliminary study","volume":"108","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.110.1.67","article-title":"Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events \u2212 the mobilization minimization hypothesis","volume":"110","author":"Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00136-0","article-title":"Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry","volume":"39","author":"Thayer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3730361","article-title":"Phasic heart period reactions to cued threat and nonthreat stimuli in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"37","author":"Thayer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2008.04.007","article-title":"Age-related differences in prefrontal control of heart rate in humans: a pharmacological blockade study","volume":"72","author":"Thayer","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.543","article-title":"The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"141","author":"Thayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","article-title":"A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health","volume":"36","author":"Thayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-013-1636-4","article-title":"Animal models of social avoidance and social fear","volume":"354","author":"Toth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell and Tissue Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3390\/bs3030501","article-title":"On the evolution and optimality of mood states","volume":"3","author":"Trimmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioral Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2012.749355","article-title":"A review of the affects of worry and generalized anxiety disorder upon cardiovascular health and coronary heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Tully","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychology Health & Medicine"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3215-05.2006","article-title":"Amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex are inversely coupled during regulation of negative affect and predict the diurnal pattern of cortisol secretion among older adults","volume":"26","author":"Urry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.070","article-title":"Enhanced resting-state connectivity of amygdala in the immediate aftermath of acute psychological stress","volume":"53","author":"van Marle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135225","article-title":"Workplace bullying and mental health: a meta-Analysis on cross-Sectional and longitudinal data","volume":"10","author":"Verkuil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200205000-00006","article-title":"A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease","volume":"64","author":"Vitaliano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"6799","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/35023171","article-title":"The relative metabolic demand of inhibition and excitation","volume":"406","author":"Waldvogel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197007000-00008","article-title":"Somatic effects of predictable and unpredictable shock","volume":"32","author":"Weiss","year":"1970","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12456","article-title":"Resting heart rate variability is associated with inhibition of conditioned fear","volume":"52","author":"Wendt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00106","article-title":"Parenting and childhood anxiety: theory, empirical findings, and future directions","volume":"44","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(94)90040-X","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder (gad) as an unsuccessful search for safety","volume":"14","author":"Woody","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.03.007","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between rumination and cortisol: a review","volume":"73","author":"Zoccola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.12.022","article-title":"Relation of high heart rate variability to healthy longevity","volume":"105","author":"Zulfiqar","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618516300585?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618516300585?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:05:35Z","timestamp":1760137535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887618516300585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":118,"alternative-id":["S0887618516300585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The default response to uncertainty and the importance of perceived safety in anxiety and stress: An evolution-theoretical perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.04.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}