{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T04:46:06Z","timestamp":1789447566709,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T17:36:17Z","timestamp":1528133777000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immersive 3D exposure-based treatment for spider fear: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sean","family":"Minns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Levihn-Coon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Carl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-9693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper A.J.","family":"Smits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Papini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunjung","family":"Lee-Furman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Telch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Carlbring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Xanthopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7898-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark B.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(69)90022-4","article-title":"The epidemiology of common fears and phobia","volume":"10","author":"Agras","year":"1969","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.022","article-title":"The promise of extinction research for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders","volume":"60","author":"Anderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.19.2529","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"283","author":"Barlow","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.11","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of phenelzine, cognitive behavioral group therapy, and their combination for social anxiety disorder","volume":"67","author":"Blanco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00782887","article-title":"Phobia: Prevalence and risk factors","volume":"25","author":"Boyd","year":"1990","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0030","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0035","first-page":"621","volume":"8","author":"Coker-appiah","year":"2014","journal-title":"NIH Public Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.084","article-title":"Effects of D-cycloserine on extinction: translation from preclinical to clinical work","volume":"60","author":"Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0045","first-page":"29","article-title":"Amygdala activation in response to 2D and 3D emotion- inducing stimuli","volume":"12","author":"Dores","year":"2014","journal-title":"PsychNology Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx029","article-title":"Facilitation of contextual fear extinction by orexin-1 receptor antagonism is associated with the activation of specific amygdala cell subpopulations","volume":"20","author":"Flores","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional Processing of Fear: Exposure to Corrective Information Critical reviews of earlier drafts of this manuscript were contributed","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00068-7","article-title":"Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: A controlled study","volume":"40","author":"Garcia-Palacios","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07101.x","article-title":"Neuronal circuits of fear extinction","volume":"31","author":"Herry","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0415","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"69","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2013.07.003","article-title":"How level of realism influences anxiety in virtual reality environments for a job interview","volume":"71","author":"Kwon","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal Of Human-Computer Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2010.12.001","article-title":"One-session computer-based exposure treatment for spider-fearful individuals-efficacy of a minimal self-help intervention in a randomised controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009","article-title":"Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"53","author":"Magee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1171-1","article-title":"Single-session gamified virtual reality exposure therapy for spider phobia vs. traditional exposure therapy: Study protocol for a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial","volume":"17","author":"Miloff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.05.003","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia","volume":"88","author":"Mitte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20582","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009076107","article-title":"Neural activity associated with monitoring the oscillating threat value of a tarantula","volume":"107","author":"Mobbs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7916(96)00022-5","article-title":"A comparison of two spider fear questionnaires","volume":"27","author":"Muris","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01089776","article-title":"Change mechanisms in cognitive therapy of a simple phobia: Logical analysis and empirical hypothesis testing","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Donohue","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.08.020","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators","volume":"47","author":"Olatunji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.042","article-title":"Extinction learning in humans: Role of the amygdala and vmPFC","volume":"43","author":"Phelps","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.04.006","article-title":"Virtual reality therapy for anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Powers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2008.1.2.94","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of psychological treatments for social anxiety disorder","volume":"1","author":"Powers","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.04.007","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"30","author":"Powers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0145","unstructured":"Qualtrics [Computer software]. (2017). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.qualtrics.com."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2006.10.001","article-title":"Approach and avoidance in fear of spiders","volume":"38","author":"Rinck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3520","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1126\/science.136.3520.982","article-title":"Persistent fear responses in rhesus monkeys to the optical stimulus of looming","volume":"136","author":"Schiff","year":"1962","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1932","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy vs risperidone for augmenting serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"70","author":"Simpson","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)00072-T","article-title":"Fear of spiders questionnaire","volume":"26","author":"Szymanski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.07.053","article-title":"Threat modulates perception of looming visual stimuli","volume":"22","author":"Vagnoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Biology: CB"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.02.007","article-title":"Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: A meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Wolitzky-Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618518300161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618518300161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:08:10Z","timestamp":1760137690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887618518300161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0887618518300161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immersive 3D exposure-based treatment for spider fear: A randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}