{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:16:41Z","timestamp":1792786601875,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Postgraduate Award of the Australian Federal Government"},{"name":"Australian Research Council Future Fellowship","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mmh0f86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T03:55:18Z","timestamp":1548820518000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inverse reasoning processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Replication in a clinical sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Shiu F.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Aardema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Grisham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20729","article-title":"Imaginative, dissociative, and schizotypal processes in obsessive-compulsive symptoms","volume":"67","author":"Aardema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.05.005","article-title":"Fear of self and obsessionality: Development and validation of the Fear of Self Questionnaire","volume":"2","author":"Aardema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070600621922","article-title":"Inferential confusion and obsessive beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"35","author":"Aardema","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.02.003","article-title":"Inferential confusion in obsessive-compulsive disorder: The inferential confusion questionnaire","volume":"43","author":"Aardema","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.581","article-title":"Inferential confusion, obsessive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A multidimensional investigation of cognitive domains","volume":"15","author":"Aardema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9157-x","article-title":"The expanded version of the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire: Further development and validation in clinical and non-clinical samples","volume":"32","author":"Aardema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2018.03.004","article-title":"The relationship of inferential confusion and obsessive beliefs with specific obsessive-compulsive symptoms","author":"Aardema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018260","article-title":"Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale","volume":"22","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2016.04.003","article-title":"Contextual determinants of intrusions and obsessions: The role of ego-dystonicity and the reality of obsessional thoughts","volume":"9","author":"Audet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0050","series-title":"Anxiety and related disorders interview schedule for DSM-5","author":"Brown","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.10.005","article-title":"Dysfunctional belief-based obsessive-compulsive disorder subgroups","volume":"44","author":"Calamari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2015.02.008","article-title":"An experimental re-examination of the inferential confusion hypothesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"48","author":"Gangemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.11.003","article-title":"Specificity of belief domains in OCD: Validation of the French version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire and a comparison across samples","volume":"22","author":"Julien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.060","article-title":"The inference-based approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comprehensive review of its etiological model, treatment efficacy, and model of change","volume":"202","author":"Julien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8","article-title":"The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) \u2013 A short diagnostic structured interview: Reliability and validity according to the CIDI","volume":"12","author":"Lecrubier","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-010-9332-0","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a behavioral test of contamination-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms","volume":"36","author":"Najmi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00042-V","article-title":"Inference processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Some clinical observations","volume":"33","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0090","first-page":"47","article-title":"A review of the inference-based approach to obsessive compulsive disorder","volume":"22","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpra.2009.05.001","article-title":"An inference-based approach to treating obsessive-compulsive disorders","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0100","series-title":"A transdiagnostic approach to obsessions, compulsions, and related phenomena","article-title":"Innovative cognitive-behavioural treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.07.010","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory - part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version","volume":"43","author":"Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22173","article-title":"Schizotypal, dissociative, and imaginative processes in a clinical OCD sample","volume":"76","author":"Paradisis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.09.017","article-title":"Dysfunctional belief-based subgroups and inferential confusion in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"50","author":"Polman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00040-5","article-title":"A cognitive theory of obsessions","volume":"35","author":"Rachman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(78)90022-0","article-title":"Abnormal and normal obsessions","volume":"16","author":"Rachman","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.09.002","article-title":"Part 1. You can run but you can\u2019t hide: Intrusive thoughts on 6 continents","volume":"3","author":"Radomsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90105-6","article-title":"Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis","volume":"23","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(84)90057-3","article-title":"Abnormal and normal obsessions: A replication","volume":"22","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0145","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83297-X","article-title":"The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability","volume":"12","author":"Sheehan","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0155","series-title":"Structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R","author":"Spitzer","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2004.11.005","article-title":"Do dysfunctional beliefs play a role in all types of obsessive-compulsive disorder?","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.03.007","article-title":"Are \u201cobsessive\u201d beliefs specific to OCD?: A comparison across anxiety disorders","volume":"44","author":"Tolin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.06.001","article-title":"Causal role for inverse reasoning on obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Preliminary evidence from a cognitive bias modification for interpretation bias study","volume":"57","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.12.005","article-title":"Inverse reasoning processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"47","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0180","series-title":"The composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.02.017","article-title":"Inferential confusion, obsessive beliefs, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A replication and extension","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anxiety Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618518302780?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0887618518302780?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:09:05Z","timestamp":1760137745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0887618518302780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0887618518302780"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-6185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-6185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inverse reasoning processes in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Replication in a clinical sample","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}