{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:06:21Z","timestamp":1779167181496,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Pharmacists Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T16:30:38Z","timestamp":1476289838000},"page":"621-626.e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Antibiotic prescriptions in the community by type of provider in the United States, 2005-2010"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Katie J.","family":"Suda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Hunkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1086\/524891","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America. The epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections: a call to action for the medical community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"46","author":"Spellberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit152","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America. 10\u00a0\u00d7 '20 progress\u2014development of new drugs active against gram-negative bacilli: an update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"56","author":"Boucher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1086\/510393","volume":"44","author":"Dellit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib4","first-page":"194","article-title":"Vital signs: improving antibiotic use among hospitalized patients","volume":"63","author":"Fridkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2146\/sp100001","article-title":"ASHP statement on the pharmacist's role in antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control","volume":"67","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1086\/665010","article-title":"Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and\u00a0the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1086\/665037","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship: a collaborative partnership between infection preventionists and healthcare epidemiologists","volume":"33","author":"Moody","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib9","first-page":"CD003543","article-title":"Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients","author":"Davey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks445","article-title":"A\u00a0national evaluation of antibiotic expenditures by health care setting in the United States, 2009","volume":"68","author":"Suda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib11","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Office-related antibiotic prescribing for persons aged <14 years\u2014United States, 1993-1994 to 2007-2008","volume":"60","author":"McCaig","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02239-13","article-title":"Trends and seasonal variation in outpatient antibiotic prescription rates in the United States, 2006 to 2010","volume":"58","author":"Suda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1425","article-title":"Patterns of antibacterial use and impact of age, race\/ethnicity, and geographic region on antibacterial use in an outpatient Medicaid cohort","volume":"34","author":"Gahbauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.4089","article-title":"National trends in visit rates and antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute sinusitis","volume":"172","author":"Fairlie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1337","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory pediatrics in the United States","volume":"128","author":"Hersh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2005.00072.x","article-title":"The use of antibiotics for viral upper respiratory tract infections: an analysis of nurse practitioner and physician prescribing practices in\u00a0ambulatory care, 1997-2001","volume":"17","author":"Ladd","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Nurse Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.01.041","article-title":"Quality of emergency care provided by physician assistants and nurse practitioners in acute asthma","volume":"28","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4800493","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing for dental conditions: general medical practitioners and dentists compared","volume":"188","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2012.0015","article-title":"Antibiotic use for treating dental infections in children: a survey of dentists' prescribing practices","volume":"143","author":"Cherry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2000.0090","article-title":"A\u00a0survey of antibiotic use in dentistry","volume":"131","author":"Epstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ076","article-title":"US outpatient antibiotic prescribing variation according to geography, patient population, and provider specialty in 2011","volume":"60","author":"Hicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib22","series-title":"System and method for estimating product distribution using a product specific universe","author":"Boardman","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib23","series-title":"AHFS drug information","first-page":"1125","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0492","article-title":"National impact of universal childhood immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on outpatient medical care visits in the United States","volume":"118","author":"Grijalva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.7.1.83","article-title":"Population-based impact of routine infant immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA","volume":"7","author":"Grijalva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558714563763","article-title":"Trends in state regulation of nurse practitioners and physician assistants, 2001 to 2010","volume":"72","author":"Gadbois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00005","article-title":"The geographic distribution, ownership, prices, and scope of practice at retail clinics","volume":"151","author":"Rudavsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00006","article-title":"Comparing costs and quality of care at retail clinics with that of other medical settings for 3 common illness","volume":"151","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860607309626","article-title":"Quality of care in the retail health care setting using national clinical guidelines for acute pharyngitis","volume":"22","author":"Woodburn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1163","article-title":"Antibiotic prescription rates for acute respiratory tract infections in US ambulatory settings","volume":"302","author":"Grijalva","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt301","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing for adults in ambulatory care in the USA, 2007-09","volume":"69","author":"Shapiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.0148.x","article-title":"Trends in antibiotic prescribing for adults in the United States\u20141995 to 2002","volume":"20","author":"Roumie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir308","article-title":"Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus from skin and soft-tissue infections in US emergency department patients, 2004 and 2008","volume":"53","author":"Talan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e817","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1112","article-title":"Trends in invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections","volume":"132","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis509","article-title":"Seasonality and temporal correlation between community antibiotic use and resistance in the United States","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03348.x","article-title":"Antibiotic use in adult outpatients in Switzerland in relation to regions, seasonality and point of care tests","volume":"17","author":"Achermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib37","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A weekly influenza surveillance report prepared by the Influenza Division. Available at: http:\/\/gis.cdc.gov\/grasp\/fluview\/fluportaldashboard.html. Accessed June 26, 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/760276","article-title":"Infective endocarditis: updated guidelines","volume":"21","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e376","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.183095","volume":"116","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1253-9","article-title":"Primary medication non-adherence: analysis of 195,930 electronic prescriptions","volume":"25","author":"Fisher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181653d2e","article-title":"\u201cGet Smart Colorado\u201d: impact of a mass media campaign to improve community antibiotic use","volume":"46","author":"Gonzales","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6287","article-title":"Effect of an outpatient antimicrobial stewardship intervention on broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing by primary care pediatricians: a randomized trial","volume":"309","author":"Gerber","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib43","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Projecting the supply and demand for primary care practitioners through 2020. Available at: http:\/\/bhpr.hrsa.gov\/healthworkforce\/supplydemand\/usworkforce\/primarycare\/. Accessed June 26,\u00a02016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015_bib44","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/getsmart. Accessed March 15,\u00a02016."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Pharmacists Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1544319116308020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1544319116308020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T08:41:33Z","timestamp":1749631293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1544319116308020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1544319116308020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.japh.2016.08.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-3191","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}