{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:34:06Z","timestamp":1787502846576,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","japha.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Pharmacists Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T13:00:14Z","timestamp":1701522014000},"page":"414-421.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing pharmacists\u2019 knowledge, attitudes, and practices of opioid management within different patient populations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2180-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie E.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6849-8333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamera D.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-8142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Roller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1819-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie P.","family":"Ferreri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib3","first-page":"235","article-title":"Reducing fatal opioid overdose: prevention, treatment and harm reduction strategies","volume":"88","author":"Hawk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1807054","article-title":"Prevention of opioid overdose","volume":"380","author":"Babu","year":"2019","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1216","article-title":"Meeting people where they\u2019re at: a focus on pharmacist harm reduction roles in the opioid crisis","volume":"3","author":"Bratberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Clin Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Collaborative practice agreements and pharmacists\u2019 patient care services: a resource for pharmacists. Published online October 31, 2013. Available at: https:\/\/www-cdc-gov.libproxy.lib.unc.edu\/dhdsp\/pubs\/docs\/translational_tools_pharmacists.pdf. Accessed January 22, 2023."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014523730","article-title":"Naloxone for opioid overdose prevention: pharmacists\u2019 role in community-based practice settings","volume":"48","author":"Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib9","unstructured":"Legislative Access and Public Policy Association. Naloxone access: summary of state laws Available at:https:\/\/legislativeanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Naloxone-Access-Summary-of-State-Laws.pdf, 2020. Accessed October 12, 2023."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.18043\/ncm.78.3.202","article-title":"The role of pharmacists in the opioid epidemic: an examination of pharmacist-focused initiatives across the United States and North Carolina","volume":"78","author":"Reynolds","year":"2017","journal-title":"North Carolina Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2019-000635","article-title":"Opioid stewardship: implementing a proactive, pharmacist-led intervention for patients coprescribed opioids and benzodiazepines at an urban academic primary care centre","volume":"9","author":"Tilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2020.11.014","article-title":"Role of pharmacists in optimising opioid therapy for chronic non-malignant pain: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7129e2","article-title":"Vital signs: drug overdose deaths, by selected sociodemographic and social determinants of health characteristics\u201425 states and the District of Columbia, 2019\u20132020","volume":"71","author":"Kariisa","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-212915","article-title":"Individual and county-level variation in outcomes following non-fatal opioid-involved overdose","volume":"74","author":"Lowder","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1686721","article-title":"Racial inequities in U.S. naloxone prescriptions","volume":"41","author":"Madden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.21106\/ijma.284","article-title":"Opioid epidemic in the United States: empirical trends, and a literature review of social determinants and epidemiological, pain management, and treatment patterns","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J MCH AIDS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib19","first-page":"404","article-title":"The opioid crisis in black communities","volume":"46","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Law Med Ethics"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6750a2","article-title":"Drug, opioid-involved, and heroin-involved overdose deaths among American Indians and Alaska Natives-Washington, 1999-2015","volume":"67","author":"Joshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.16726","article-title":"Long-term risk of overdose or mental health crisis after opioid dose tapering","volume":"5","author":"Fenton","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-017-0179-8","article-title":"Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.04.566","article-title":"Recognition of community-based pharmacist practitioners: essential health care providers","volume":"56","author":"Bennett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028347","article-title":"Treating stimuli as a random factor in\u00a0social psychology: a new and comprehensive solution to a pervasive\u00a0but largely ignored problem","volume":"103","author":"Judd","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib25","unstructured":"The University of Chicago Center for Decision Research. Chicago face database. The University of Chicago Center for Decision Research. Available at: https:\/\/www.chicagofaces.org\/. Published 2021. [Accessed January 28, 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib27","first-page":"2366","article-title":"The Dillman total design survey method","volume":"32","author":"Hoddinott","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib28","unstructured":"North Carolina Board of Pharmacy. North Carolina Board of Pharmacy census of licenses, permits, and registrations. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncbop.org\/PDF\/2022Statistics.pdf. Published September 2022. Accessed October 12, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib29","unstructured":"North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. North Carolina reports 22% increase in overdose deaths. NCDHHS. https:\/\/www.ncdhhs.gov\/news\/press-releases\/2023\/02\/21\/north-carolina-reports-22-increase-overdose-deaths. Published February 21, 2023. Accessed October 12, 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.42982","article-title":"Disparities by sex and race and ethnicity in death rates due to opioid overdose among adults 55 years or older, 1999 to 2019","volume":"5","author":"Mason","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306431","article-title":"Disparities in opioid overdose death trends by race\/ethnicity, 2018\u20132019, from the healing communities study","volume":"111","author":"Larochelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Publish Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053686","article-title":"Epidemiological trends in opioid-only and opioid\/polysubstance-related death rates among American Indian\/Alaska Native populations from 1999 to 2019: a retrospective longitudinal ecological study","volume":"12","author":"Qeadan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy7020060","article-title":"Pharmacist services in the opioid crisis: current practices and scope in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Thakur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacy (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1","article-title":"CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain\u2014United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Dowell","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"4S","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2019.06.011","article-title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven intervention on the outpatient dispensing of naloxone","volume":"59","author":"Griffin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190018798465","article-title":"Acceptability of naloxone dispensing among pharmacists","volume":"33","author":"Do","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib38","first-page":"151","article-title":"Comparison of attitudes of Wisconsin health care providers and pharmacists toward vaccine administration and perceived barriers","volume":"119","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2020","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2018.07.008","article-title":"Factors associated with how often community pharmacists offer\u00a0and dispense naloxone","volume":"15","author":"Carpenter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"4S","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2018.04.025","article-title":"Identifying barriers to dispensing naloxone: a survey of community pharmacists in North Carolina","volume":"58","author":"Rudolph","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib41","unstructured":"NCDHHS. North Carolina\u2019s standing order for naloxone. Available at: https:\/\/naloxonesaves.org\/for-pharmacists\/north-carolinas-standing-order-for-naloxone\/#:\u223c:text=A%20standing%20order%20is%20a,criteria%20designated%20by%20the%20prescriber. Published March 12, 2018. Accessed October 25, 2023."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.07.012","article-title":"Pharmacist interventions to deprescribe opioids and benzodiazepines in older adults: a rapid review","volume":"18","author":"Niznik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/19.216","article-title":"A\u00a0pharmacist-led program to taper opioid use at Kaiser Permanente Northwest: rationale, design, and evaluation","volume":"24","author":"Kuntz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2018.10.010","article-title":"Impact of community pharmacist intervention on concurrent benzodiazepine and opioid prescribing patterns","volume":"59","author":"Luchen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cptl.2018.02.002","article-title":"Qualitative analysis of student pharmacists\u2019 reflections of Harvard\u2019s race implicit association test","volume":"10","author":"Avant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Teach Learn"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2021.1900988","article-title":"Pharmacists\u2019 stigma toward patients engaged in opioid misuse: when \u201csocial distance\u201d does not mean disease prevention","volume":"42","author":"Werremeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.05.021","article-title":"Disability, race\/ethnicity, and medication adherence among Medicare myocardial infarction survivors","volume":"164","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212117","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in medication adherence among privately insured patients in the United States","volume":"14","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib49","unstructured":"North Carolina Board of Pharmacy. Pharmacist FAQs. NCBOP Published 2023. http:\/\/ncbop.org\/faqs\/Pharmacist\/faq_NCCSRS.htm. [Accessed October 25, 2023]."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2020.09.003","article-title":"Systemic racism: pharmacists\u2019 role and responsibility","volume":"60","author":"Arya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib51","unstructured":"Arya V., Bakken B.K., Doucette W.R., et al. National pharmacist workforce studies. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Published 2019. https:\/\/www.aacp.org\/article\/national-pharmacist-workforce-studies. [Accessed February 5, 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib52","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. U.S. census bureau quickfacts: North Carolina. United States Census Bureau Published 2021. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/NC. [Accessed February 5, 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib53","author":"Grimm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib54","unstructured":"Hagiwara N, Duffy C, Quillin J. Implicit and explicit racial prejudice and stereotyping toward Black (vs. White) Americans: the prevalence and variation among genetic counselors in North America. J Genet Couns. Available at: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/jgc4.1648. Accessed October 25, 2023. Published online November 7, 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000496","article-title":"The role of social desirability and establishing nonracist credentials on mock juro decisions about Black defendants","volume":"47","author":"Salerno","year":"2023","journal-title":"Law Hum Behav"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Pharmacists Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1544319123003837?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1544319123003837?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:53:11Z","timestamp":1761544391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1544319123003837"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1544319123003837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-3191","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessing pharmacists\u2019 knowledge, attitudes, and practices of opioid management within different patient populations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American Pharmacists Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.japh.2023.11.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 American Pharmacists Association\u00ae. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}