{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:30:22Z","timestamp":1792726222819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016104","name":"Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022BBA0064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022BBA0064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011319","name":"Jianghan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023XKZ026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023XKZ026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012165","name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFD0100202-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0100202-25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Advanced Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T22:45:25Z","timestamp":1787438725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Biochar and nanoparticle composites (nano-modified biochar) as next-generation soil amendments for sustainable salt stress management"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2091-9991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haider","family":"Sultan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingdong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaid","family":"Ulhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Mazhar Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nazim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Faizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changli","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-022-03159-2","article-title":"Biochar increases salt tolerance and grain yield of quinoa on saline-sodic soil: multivariate comparison of physiological and oxidative stress attributes","author":"Abbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Soils Sediments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0010","series-title":"Agricultural Problem\u2014Causes, Impacts on Crop Productivity and Management Strategies. Plant Abiotic Stress Toler","first-page":"83","author":"Majeed","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.533781","article-title":"Soil Salinity and Food Security in India","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2020.1854294","article-title":"Soil Salinity Research in 21st Century in Pakistan: Its Impact on Availability of Plant Nutrients, Growth and Yield of Crops","author":"Syed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2009.00251.x","article-title":"Soil carbon dynamics in saline and sodic soils: a review","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3568","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-022-00910-z","article-title":"Biochar-Based Nutritional Nanocomposites Altered Nutrient Uptake and Vacuolar H+-Pump Activities of Dill Under Salinity","volume":"22","author":"Rahimzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Soil Sci Plant Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.109557","article-title":"Lead toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation","volume":"250","author":"Zulfiqar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.08.016","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants","volume":"48","author":"Gill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-022-03728-0","article-title":"Exogenous melatonin increases salt tolerance in bitter melon by regulating ionic balance, antioxidant system and secondary metabolism-related genes","volume":"22","author":"Sheikhalipour","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.120448","article-title":"Biochar and nano biochar: Enhancing salt resilience in plants and soil while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: A comprehensive review","volume":"355","author":"Sultan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12992","article-title":"Biochar modification methods and mechanisms for salt-affected soil and saline-alkali soil improvement: A review","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-020-00780-3","article-title":"How can biochar-based metal oxide nanocomposites counter salt toxicity in plants?","volume":"43","author":"Ghassemi-Golezani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111789","article-title":"Does biochar accelerate the mitigation of greenhouse gaseous emissions from agricultural soil? - A global meta-analysis","volume":"202","author":"Shakoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2022.106414","article-title":"Targeted biochar application alters physical, chemical, hydrological and thermal properties of salt-affected soils under cotton-sugarbeet intercropping","volume":"216","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0075","article-title":"Comparison of characteristics of twenty-one types of biochar and their ability to remove multi-heavy metals and methylene blue in solution","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel Process Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.07.043","article-title":"MgO-modified biochar increases phosphate retention and rice yields in saline-alkaline soil","volume":"235","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37123","article-title":"Exploring nanomaterial-modified biochar for environmental remediation applications","volume":"10","author":"Arabzadeh Nosratabad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142623","article-title":"Biochar-based nanoparticles mitigated arsenic toxicity and improved physiological performance of basil via enhancing cation exchange capacity and ferric chelate reductase activity","volume":"362","author":"Ghassemi-Golezani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112769","article-title":"Interactions of nanoparticles and salinity stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels in plants: A review","volume":"225","author":"Etesami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cj.2024.09.010","article-title":"Nanoparticles and their crosstalk with stress mitigators: A novel approach towards abiotic stress tolerance in agricultural systems","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crop J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0105","article-title":"Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil by nano-zirconia modified biochar","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.111904","article-title":"Changes in soil properties and salt tolerance of safflower in response to biochar-based metal oxide nanocomposites of magnesium and manganese","volume":"211","author":"Farhangi-Abriz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2016.04.093","article-title":"Biochar-based nano-composites for the decontamination of wastewater: A review","volume":"212","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12114","article-title":"Effect of phosphorus-enriched biochar and poultry manure on growth and mineral composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv.) grown in alkaline soil","author":"Gunes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(15)30056-4","article-title":"Effects of Enriched Biochars Containing Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on Mycorrhizal Colonisation, Plant Growth, Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Improvement","author":"Joseph","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.056","article-title":"Silicon (Si) biochar for the mitigation of arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in spinach (Spinacia oleracean) and improvement in the plant growth","volume":"189","author":"Zama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114947","article-title":"Remediation competence of nanoparticles amalgamated biochar (nanobiochar\/nanocomposite) on pollutants: A review","volume":"218","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113886","article-title":"NtCycB2 gene knockout enhances resistance to high salinity stress in Nicotiana tabacum","volume":"171","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.111396","article-title":"Silicon supplementation mitigates salinity stress on Ocimum basilicum L. via improving water balance, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant defense system","volume":"206","author":"Farouk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.agron.2017.11.002","article-title":"Rice in Saline Soils: Physiology, Biochemistry, Genetics, and Management","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2022.111136","article-title":"Interactive effects between salinity and nutrient deficiency on biomass production and bio-active compounds accumulation in the halophyte Crithmum maritimum","author":"Castillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Hortic (Amsterdam)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911","article-title":"Mechanisms of salinity tolerance","author":"Munns","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155208","article-title":"Ros homeostasis in abiotic stress tolerance in plants","author":"Nadarajah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/701596","article-title":"Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: Physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29954-6","article-title":"Salinity stress improves antioxidant potential by modulating physio-biochemical responses in Moringa oleifera Lam","volume":"13","author":"Azeem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169618","article-title":"The potential and prospects of modified biochar for comprehensive management of salt-affected soils and plants: A critical review","volume":"912","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0185","article-title":"Photosynthetic Regulation Under Salt Stress and Salt-Tolerance Mechanism of Sweet Sorghum. Front","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2015.03.008","article-title":"Penicillium\u2013sesame interactions: A remedy for mitigating high salinity stress effects on primary and defense metabolites in plants","volume":"116","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Exp Bot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.03.003","article-title":"Regulation of photosynthesis under salt stress and associated tolerance mechanisms","author":"Zahra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2011.03.018","article-title":"The combined effect of salt stress and heat shock on proteome profiling in Suaeda salsa","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0205","article-title":"Association of jasmonic acid priming with multiple defense mechanisms in wheat plants under high salt stress. Front","volume":"13","author":"Sheteiwy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0210","article-title":"Apply biochar to ameliorate soda saline-alkali land, improve soil function and increase corn nutrient availability in the Songnen Plain","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0215","first-page":"1548","article-title":"Alleviation of salt stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants by biochar-based rhizobacteria: new insights into the mechanisms regulating nutrient uptake, antioxidant activity, root growth and productivity. Arch Agron","volume":"69","author":"Ghassemi-Golezani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soil Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1139\/cjss-2020-0018","article-title":"Effect of salinity on soil structure and soil hydraulic characteristics","volume":"101","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Soil Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0225","first-page":"121","article-title":"Effect of salinization on soil properties and mechanisms beneficial to microorganisms in salinized soil remediation\u2013a review","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Res Cold Arid Reg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2003.09.006","article-title":"Soil physical quality: Part I. Theory, effects of soil texture, density, and organic matter, and effects on root growth","author":"Dexter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0235","unstructured":"Saline Soil-based Agriculture by Halotolerant Microorganisms. 2019. 10.1007\/978-981-13-8335-9."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iswcr.2015.11.003","article-title":"Influence of salinity and water content on soil microorganisms","volume":"3","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Soil Water Conserv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2014.11.001","article-title":"Salt effects on the soil microbial decomposer community and their role in organic carbon cycling: A review","volume":"81","author":"Rath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/es2027345","article-title":"Simulation of salinity effects on past, present, and future soil organic carbon stocks","author":"Setia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-010-0479-3","article-title":"Is CO2 evolution in saline soils affected by an osmotic effect and calcium carbonate?","author":"Setia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Fertil Soils"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(18)62077-5","article-title":"Effects of salinity on the soil microbial community and soil fertility","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Integr Agric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31237","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07921","article-title":"Putting Biochar in Action: A Black Gold for Efficient Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Plants","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Review and Future Directions. ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jac.12132","article-title":"Biochar Mitigates Salinity Stress in Potato","author":"Akhtar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Agron Crop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0275","unstructured":"Muhammad H, Abbas M, Rais U, Sultan H, Tahir A, Bahadur S, et al. Residual Effect of Microbial-Inoculated Biochar with Nitrogen on Rice Growth and Salinity Reduction in Paddy Soil 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-024-00332-3","article-title":"Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.947547","article-title":"Co-inoculation of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizae for growth promotion and nutrient fortification in soybean under drought conditions","volume":"13","author":"Jabborova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2015.05.016","article-title":"Leaching and reclamation of a biochar and compost amended saline-sodic soil with moderate SAR reclaimed water","volume":"158","author":"Chaganti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric Water Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12460","article-title":"Responses of soil microbial biomass, diversity and metabolic activity to biochar applications in managed poplar plantations on reclaimed coastal saline soil","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0300","article-title":"Alleviating vanadium-induced stress on rice growth using phosphorus-loaded biochar","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Integr Agric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2020.104882","article-title":"Carbon sequestration under different organic amendments in saline-alkaline soils","volume":"196","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0310","first-page":"415","article-title":"Long-term effects of biochar on rice production and stabilisation of cadmium and arsenic levels in contaminated paddy soils","volume":"109","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Earth Environ Sci Trans R Soc Edinburgh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7970","DOI":"10.1021\/es101337x","article-title":"Characterization of Biochars Produced from Cornstovers for Soil Amendment","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0320","article-title":"Amelioration effects of coastal saline-alkali soil by ball-milled red phosphorus-loaded biochar","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12020409","article-title":"Biochar Application Alleviated Rice Salt Stress via Modifying Soil Properties and Regulating Soil Bacterial Abundance and Community Structure","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.112891","article-title":"Nano-biochar: A novel solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation","volume":"210","author":"Rajput","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramadan MM, Asran-Amal, Abd-Elsalam KA. Micro\/nano biochar for sustainable plant health: Present status and future prospects. Carbon Nanomater. Agri-Food Environ. Appl., Elsevier; 2020, p. 323\u201357. 10.1016\/B978-0-12-819786-8.00016-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819786-8.00016-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2016.07.019","article-title":"Long-term effects of biochar on soil physical properties","volume":"282","author":"Burrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2020.103674","article-title":"Biochar amendment ameliorates soil properties and promotes Miscanthus growth in a coastal saline-alkali soil","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0350","article-title":"Biochar as a sustainable tool for improving the health of salt-affected soils","volume":"1","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soil Environ Heal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0355","article-title":"Engineered biochar effects on soil physicochemical properties and biota communities: A critical review","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.12773","article-title":"Functional response of the soil microbial community to biochar applications","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"GCB Bioenergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00148-11","article-title":"Impact of biochar application to soil on the root-associated bacterial community structure of fully developed greenhouse pepper plants","author":"Kolton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0370","article-title":"OsCPK12 phosphorylates OsCATA and OsCATC to regulate H2O2 homeostasis and improve oxidative stress tolerance in rice","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2023.105217","article-title":"Long-term effects of biochar on soil chemistry, biochemistry, and microbiota: Results from a 10-year field vineyard experiment","author":"Idbella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073688","article-title":"Dose-dependent physiological and transcriptomic responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa l.) to copper oxide nanoparticles\u2014insights into the phytotoxicity mechanisms","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.03.014","article-title":"Microbiome-Mediated Stress Resistance in Plants","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145869","article-title":"Biochar effects on yield of cereal and legume crops using meta-analysis","volume":"775","author":"Farhangi-Abriz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.121653","article-title":"Biochar effects on salt-affected soil properties and plant productivity\u00a0: A global meta-analysis","volume":"366","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0400","article-title":"Enhanced growth of halophyte plants in biochar-amended coastal soil: roles of nutrient availability and rhizosphere microbial modulation","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136635","article-title":"Combined effects of biochar properties and soil conditions on plant growth: A meta-analysis","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143291","article-title":"Biochar rhizosphere addition promoted Phragmites australis growth and changed soil properties in the Yellow River Delta","volume":"761","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2021.1993884","article-title":"Biochar for Improving Soil Biological Properties and Mitigating Salt Stress in Plants on Salt-affected Soils","author":"Egamberdieva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1007\/s42729-023-01276-6","article-title":"Co-application of Biochar and Seed Priming with Nano-sized Chitosan-Proline Improves Salt Tolerance in Differentially Responding Bread Wheat Genotypes","volume":"23","author":"Al Hinai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Soil Sci Plant Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedsph.2022.06.029","article-title":"Role of beneficial microbial gene pool in mitigating salt\/nutrient stress of plants in saline soils through underground phytostimulating signalling molecules","volume":"33","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123847","article-title":"Residual effects of biochar and nano-modified biochar on growth and physiology under saline environment in two different genotype of Oryza","volume":"373","author":"Sultan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-019-09980-3","article-title":"Ameliorative Effects of Biochar on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Growth and Heavy Metal Immobilization in Soil Irrigated with Untreated Wastewater","volume":"39","author":"Kamran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2026.111081","article-title":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Carbon to nano-carbon: comparative efficacy of conventional biochar and SiO2 -nanoparticles inoculated biochar in enhancing physiological, anatomical, and molecular salt tolerance in rice","volume":"232","author":"Sultan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.10.035","article-title":"Residual effects of biochar on growth, photosynthesis and cadmium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd stress with different water conditions","author":"Rizwan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12096","article-title":"Effect of crop residue biochar on soil acidity amelioration in strongly acidic tea garden soils","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1080\/00103624.2022.2070635","article-title":"Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Soil Amendments on Wheat Yield, Physiological Attributes and Soil Properties Grown in the Saline \u2013 Sodic Soil","volume":"53","author":"El-Sharkawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(19)62563-3","article-title":"Effect of biochar on grain yield and leaf photosynthetic physiology of soybean cultivars with different phosphorus efficiencies","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Integr Agric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0465","article-title":"The critical role of biochar to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought and salinity stress in plants. Front","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2022.05.008","article-title":"Biochar\/vermicompost promotes Hybrid Pennisetum plant growth and soil enzyme activity in saline soils","volume":"183","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0475","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent advances in nano-enabled plant salt tolerance: Methods of application, risk assessment, opportunities and future perspectives","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Integr Agric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.110306","article-title":"Mechanisms and applicability of nanotechnology-mediated beneficial microbes in mitigation of salinity stress in plants","volume":"228","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-023-05264-9","article-title":"Green synthesis of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles from bioresource extracts and their applications in different areas: a review","author":"El Messaoudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefinery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0490","article-title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles improved chlorophyll contents, physical parameters, and wheat yield under salt stress. Front","volume":"13","author":"Adil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.110364","article-title":"Nutrient strengthening and stress alleviation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) via foliar ceria nanoparticles and biochar amendment under elevated CO2-mediated warming","volume":"229","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11989","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5c03050","article-title":"The Buffering Activity of Ceria toward Reactive Oxygen Species: A Density Functional Theory Perspective","volume":"129","author":"Ta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Phys Chem C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0505","series-title":"Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Plant Response, Interaction, Phytotoxicity and Defense Mechanisms. Nanomater. Nanocomposites Expo. to Plants","first-page":"227","author":"Khan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses3010004","article-title":"Prominent Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Roots of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown under Salinity Stress","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stresses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2025.110740","article-title":"Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Nano-engineered biochar effectively mitigates salinity stress in rice (Oryza sativa L .) through integrative physiological mechanism","volume":"229","author":"Sultan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112293","article-title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles and 24-epibrassinolide alleviates Cu toxicity in tomato by regulating ROS scavenging, stomatal movement and photosynthesis","volume":"218","author":"Faizan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.02.002","article-title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce salt tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in tomato","volume":"161","author":"Faizan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15030652","article-title":"Evaluating the Impact of Nano-Silica and Silica Hydrogel Amendments on Soil Water Retention and Crop Yield in Rice and Clover Under Variable Irrigation Conditions","volume":"15","author":"El-Aziz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6513","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b01302","article-title":"CuO and ZnO Nanoparticles Modify Interkingdom Cell Signaling Processes Relevant to Crop Production","volume":"66","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2025.101000","article-title":"Nanoparticles in plant system: A comprehensive review on their role in diverse stress management and phytohormone signaling","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0545","article-title":"CeO 2 Nanoparticles Seed Priming Increases Salicylic Acid Level and ROS Scavenging Ability to Improve Rapeseed Salt Tolerance. Glob","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Challenges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2018.07.024","article-title":"Metallic nanoparticles influence the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants","volume":"130","author":"Tighe-Neira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2016.1235011","article-title":"Mycoendophytes as efficient synthesizers of bionanoparticles: nanoantimicrobials, mechanism, and cytotoxicity","volume":"37","author":"Golinska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2021.104246","article-title":"The use of soil enzymes activity, microbial biomass, and basal respiration to assess the effects of cobalt oxide nanomaterial in soil microbiota","volume":"169","author":"Bouguerra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112027","article-title":"A review on metal-based nanoparticles and their toxicity to beneficial soil bacteria and fungi","author":"Ameen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2018.04.005","article-title":"Dynamic behavior of metal nanoparticles for catalysis","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0575","first-page":"267","article-title":"Effects of zinc-oxide nanoparticles on soil microbial community and their functionality","author":"Timoshenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zinc-Based Nanostructures Environ. Agric. Appl., Elsevier"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0580","first-page":"1","article-title":"Critical knowledge gaps and research priorities in global soil salinity","author":"Hopmans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.3390\/su14063210","article-title":"Soil Amendment with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth, and Lipid Metabolism of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","volume":"14","author":"Ndiate","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2016.05.037","article-title":"Exposure of engineered nanomaterials to plants: Insights into the physiological and biochemical responses-A review","volume":"110","author":"Zuverza-Mena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2023.100732","article-title":"Mediators of biomass transformation \u2013 A focus on the enzyme composition of the vermicomposting process","volume":"12","author":"Enebe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Challenges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2008.10.016","article-title":"Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling","volume":"41","author":"Kuzyakov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36942","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14542-w","article-title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles: potential effects on soil properties, crop production, food processing, and food quality","volume":"28","author":"Sheteiwy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1497006","article-title":"Multifaceted impacts of nanoparticles on plant nutrient absorption and soil microbial communities","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1077561","article-title":"Coping with salt stress-interaction of halotolerant bacteria in crop plants: A mini review","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12040864","article-title":"Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species during Salt Stress in Plants and Their Crosstalk with Other Signaling Molecules\u2014Current Perspectives and Future Directions","volume":"12","author":"Kesawat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0625","article-title":"Drought and Salinity Stress Responses and Microbe-Induced Tolerance in Plants. Front","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00413-0","article-title":"Abiotic stress responses in plants","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0635","article-title":"Fe3o4 nanoparticles loaded on lignin nanoparticles applied as a peroxidase mimic for the sensitively colorimetric detection of h2o2","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2020.10.004","article-title":"Seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhances seed vigor, leaf water status, and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress","volume":"33","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ - Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wmb.2024.01.002","article-title":"Nano enabled agriculture for sustainable soil","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Waste Manag Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1626-7","article-title":"Application of silicon nanoparticles in agriculture","author":"Rastogi","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0655","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Ravishankar","year":"2025","journal-title":"ZnO Nanoparticles: Advancing Agricultural Sustainability. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-025-00855-0","article-title":"Biogenic nanoparticles for managing salinity stress-related crop and environmental risks: realistic applications and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Sustain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-023-06245-7","article-title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles and PGPR strengthen salinity tolerance and productivity of wheat irrigated with saline water in sodic-saline soil","author":"Alharbi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11040442","article-title":"Interactions of Fe and Zn Nanoparticles at Physiochemical, Biochemical, and Molecular Level in Horticultural Crops Under Salt Stress: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Weng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.06.009","article-title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles: A unique saline stress mitigator with the potential to increase future crop production","volume":"159","author":"Seleiman","year":"2023","journal-title":"South African J Bot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/life14050595","article-title":"Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Salt Stress in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Adjusting Na+\/K+ Ratio and Antioxidative Ability","volume":"14","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0685","article-title":"Exogenous application of gibberellic acid and silicon to promote salinity tolerance in pea (Pisum sativum L.) through Na+ exclusion. Saudi","author":"Raza Gurmani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110047","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29993-6","article-title":"Efficacy of zinc-based nanoparticles in alleviating the abiotic stress in plants: current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112232","article-title":"ZnO, and \u03b3-Fe2O3 nanoparticles modified the underground biomass and rhizosphere microbial community of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Bge.) after 165-day exposure","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28161-0","article-title":"Alleviation of chromium stress in plants using metal and metal oxide nanoparticles","volume":"30","author":"Soni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plana.2025.100186","article-title":"Mechanistic insights in to biocompatible-metal nanoparticles in modulating soil enzyme and its convergence in soil health improvement","volume":"13","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Nano Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/resources13010008","article-title":"Synthesis Methods, Properties, and Modifications of Biochar-Based Materials for Wastewater Treatment: A Review","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c02909","article-title":"Hybrid Metal Oxide\/Biochar Materials for Wastewater Treatment Technology: A Review","author":"Weidner","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.9b00430","article-title":"Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Dispersed on Douglas Fir Biochar for Phosphate Sorption","author":"Karunanayake","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl Nano Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enmm.2022.100669","article-title":"Magnetically-separable photocatalyst of magnetic biochar from snake fruit peel for rhodamine B photooxidation","author":"Fatimah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Nanotechnology, Monit Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/es403711y","article-title":"Aromatic and hydrophobic surfaces of wood-derived biochar enhance perchlorate adsorption via hydrogen bonding to oxygen-containing organic groups","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0735","article-title":"Stability of Functionally Modified Biochar: The Role of Surface Charges and Surface Homogeneity","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07804","article-title":"Definitive Review of Nanobiochar","author":"Chaubey","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12633-022-01878-2","article-title":"Comparative Influence of Biochar and Doped Biochar with Si-NPs on the Growth and Anti-Oxidant Potential of Brassica rapa L. under cd Toxicity","author":"Rafi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Silicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14102431","article-title":"Assessment of the Effects of Biochar on the Physicochemical Properties of Saline\u2013Alkali Soil Based on Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1039\/D4YA00272E","article-title":"Recent advances in layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials: fabrication, modification strategies, characterization, promising environmental catalytic applications, and prospective aspects","volume":"3","author":"Altalhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0760","article-title":"A review on magnetic biochar for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils: Preparation, application, and microbial response","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-024-02311-3","article-title":"Chloride binding by layered double hydroxides (LDH \/ AFm phases) and alkali \u2011 activated slag pastes\u00a0: an experimental study by RILEM TC 283 \u2011 CAM","volume":"57","author":"Gluth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55924-7","article-title":"Effect of silicon nanoparticle-based biochar on wheat growth, antioxidants and nutrients concentration under salinity stress","volume":"14","author":"Gill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0775","article-title":"CaAl-Layered Double Hydroxides-Modified Biochar Composites Mitigate the Toxic Effects of Cu and Pb in Soil on Pea Seedlings","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33977","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA05529B","article-title":"Preparation of biochar\/iron mineral composites and their adsorption of methyl orange","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109277","article-title":"Spectroscopic studies on the phosphorus adsorption in salt-affected soils with or without nano-biochar additions","volume":"184","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0790","first-page":"1","author":"Shah","year":"2026","journal-title":"Iron and zinc-modified nano-biochar alleviate salinity stress in paddy soil by modulating nutrient availability and microbial communities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fagro.2024.1465165","article-title":"Enhancing soil microbiome resilience: the mitigating role of silicon against environmental stresses","volume":"6","author":"Etesami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Agron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12122939","article-title":"Performance Evaluation of Modified Biochar as a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Adsorbent and Microbial-Immobilized Carrier","volume":"12","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020719","article-title":"Effective Usage of Biochar and Microorganisms for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions and Pesticides","author":"Manikandan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169585","article-title":"Biochar modulating soil biological health: A review","volume":"914","author":"Bolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163196","article-title":"Iron-modified biochar reduces nitrogen loss and improves nitrogen retention in Luvisols by adsorption and microbial regulation","volume":"879","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-024-00393-4","article-title":"Silicon-modified Solidago canadensis L. biochar suppresses soilborne disease and improves soil quality","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-022-00201-x","article-title":"Nanobiochar for the remediation of contaminated soil and water: challenges and opportunities","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-022-10636-y","article-title":"Biochar and Selenium Nanoparticles Induce Water Transporter Genes for Sustaining Carbon Assimilation and Grain Production in Salt-Stressed Wheat","volume":"42","author":"Soliman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169288","article-title":"Interactive mode of biochar-based silicon and iron nanoparticles mitigated Cd-toxicity in maize","author":"Yasin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2024.154305","article-title":"Small molecule, big impacts: Nano-nutrients for sustainable agriculture and food security","volume":"301","author":"Faizan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106","article-title":"Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants","volume":"40","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147171","article-title":"Regulatory SNP in OsHKT2;1 governs OsRR22 interaction and salt tolerance in rice","volume":"327","author":"Balaji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2019.01.006","article-title":"Identification of microRNAs responding to salt stress in barley by high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis","volume":"160","author":"Kuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Exp Bot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4518","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c08246","article-title":"Effects of Nanosilica Priming on Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Tolerance to Cadmium and Arsenic Stress by Regulating Cellular Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense","volume":"73","author":"Ulhassan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0865","article-title":"Nano-Enriched Biochars Improved Salt Tolerance and Growth of Safflower Plants via Nutrient Availability and Hormonal Signaling","author":"Ghassemi-Golezani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2020.08.042","article-title":"Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in plants: An omic approach towards salt stress tolerance","author":"Arif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s43170-024-00256-9","article-title":"In silico approach to investigate the potential HKT gene responsive to salt stress in rice","author":"Ullah","year":"2024","journal-title":"CABI Agric Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EN00816E","article-title":"Biochar Nanoparticles Alleviate Salt-Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Seedlings. Environ Sci Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s44246-024-00138-9","article-title":"The effect of biochar on crop productivity and soil salinity and its dependence on experimental conditions in salt-affected soils: a meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbon Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02667-2","article-title":"Zno nanoparticles: improving photosynthesis, shoot development, and phyllosphere microbiome composition in tea plants","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0895","first-page":"2096","article-title":"Properties of Recycled Nanomaterials and Their Effect on Biological Activity and Yield of Canola in Degraded Soils","volume":"12","author":"Elsawy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57954-3","article-title":"The effectiveness of nanobiochar for reducing phytotoxicity and improving soil remediation in cadmium-contaminated soil","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpb.2024.100424","article-title":"Combined application of biochar and silicon nanoparticles enhance soil and wheat productivity under drought: Insights into physiological and antioxidant defense mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Zulfiqar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Plant Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.989504","article-title":"Silicon-nanoparticles doped biochar is more effective than biochar for mitigation of arsenic and salinity stress in Quinoa: Insight to human health risk assessment","author":"Alsamadany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160597","article-title":"Nano magnetite-loaded biochar boosted methanogenesis through shifting microbial community composition and modulating electron transfer","volume":"861","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-024-00417-z","article-title":"Interaction between biochar particle size and soil salinity levels on soil properties and tomato yield","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0925","first-page":"1","article-title":"Regulation effect of seed priming on sowing rate of direct seeding of rice under salt stress","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01420-x","article-title":"Silica nanoparticles protect rice against biotic and abiotic stresses","volume":"20","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121925","article-title":"The application of zinc oxide nanoparticles: An effective strategy to protect rice from rice blast and abiotic stresses","volume":"331","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050_b0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.01.041","article-title":"Transport of Zn in a sandy loam soil treated with ZnO NPs and uptake by corn plants: Electron microprobe and confocal microscopy studies","volume":"184","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Advanced Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S209012322600682X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S209012322600682X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:45:30Z","timestamp":1787744730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S209012322600682X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":188,"alternative-id":["S209012322600682X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1232"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1232","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biochar and nanoparticle composites (nano-modified biochar) as next-generation soil amendments for sustainable salt stress management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Advanced Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2026.08.050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}