{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T09:54:06Z","timestamp":1768470846969,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]],"date-time":"2007-03-28T11:19:14Z","timestamp":1175080754000},"page":"113-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Inflammation in high blood pressure: a clinician perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Firas A.","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assad","family":"Movahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib1","series-title":"Heart and stroke statistics: 2005 update","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90481-3","article-title":"Overall and coronary heart disease mortality rates in relation to major risk factors in 325,348 men screened for the MRFIT: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial","volume":"112","author":"Kannel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.4.1047","article-title":"Theodore Cooper Memorial Lecture","volume":"37","author":"Dzau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02074-X","article-title":"Role of endothelin-1 in hypertension and vascular disease","volume":"14","author":"Schiffrin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421202","article-title":"C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women","volume":"342","author":"Ridker","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000032135.98011.C4","article-title":"C-reactive protein is associated with subclinical epicardial coronary calcification in men and women: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II3","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1932-8737.1997.tb00006.x","article-title":"Biology of the endothelium","volume":"20","author":"Luscher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/00045415-200109000-00003","article-title":"The ten most commonly asked questions about endothelial function in cardiology","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(95)80016-L","article-title":"Vascular endothelium: an integrator of pathophysiologic stimuli in atherosclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Gimbrone","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001537","article-title":"Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and the risk of high blood pressure: epidemiologic and biological evidence","volume":"17","author":"Bautista","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.335","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension is independent from the etiology and from vascular structure","volume":"31","author":"Rizzoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.1.389","article-title":"Monocyte infiltration and adhesion molecules in a rat model of high human renin hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Mervaala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2945","article-title":"C-reactive protein and the risk of developing hypertension","volume":"290","author":"Sesso","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000146691.51307.84","article-title":"Inflammation, abdominal obesity, and smoking as predictors of hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Niskanen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.03.675","article-title":"Association between prehypertension status and inflammatory markers related to atherosclerotic disease: the ATTICA Study","volume":"17","author":"Chrysohoou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib17","first-page":"RA194","article-title":"Angiotensin II and vascular inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200401000-00023","article-title":"Involvement of reactive oxygen species in angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction","volume":"43","author":"de Groot","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000138070.47616.9d","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, vascular oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension: what is the clinical significance?","volume":"44","author":"Touyz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200310000-00002","article-title":"C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in vascular disease: culprits or passive bystanders?","volume":"21","author":"Rattazzi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000130484.20501.df","article-title":"C-reactive protein: risk marker or mediator in atherothrombosis?","volume":"44","author":"Jialal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602384","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and the inflammation markers C-reactive protein and ferritin","volume":"60","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.74","article-title":"Systemic inflammation, adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor, and leptin expression","volume":"11","author":"Bullo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.46.5.860","article-title":"Production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by human adipose tissue: possible link between visceral fat accumulation and vascular disease","volume":"46","author":"Allessi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.3.264","article-title":"Association between blood pressure and fibrinolytic potential in the Framingham Offspring population","volume":"101","author":"Poli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000166840.63312.12","article-title":"Enhanced levels of platelet P-selectin and circulating cytokines in young patients with mild arterial hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Stumpf","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199512010-00030","article-title":"Soluble adhesion molecule P-selectin and endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension: implications for atherogenesis?","volume":"13","author":"Lip","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199408000-00010","article-title":"Increased levels of the soluble adhesion molecule E-selectin in essential hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Blann","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200105000-00004","article-title":"Is C-reactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension?","volume":"19","author":"Bautista","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(03)00566-1","article-title":"High sensitivity C-reactive protein as an independent risk factor for essential hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Sung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.38.3.399","article-title":"Blood pressure and inflammation in apparently healthy men","volume":"38","author":"Chae","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200310000-00010","article-title":"Increased C-reactive protein concentrations in never-treated hypertension: the role of systolic and pulse pressures","volume":"21","author":"Schillaci","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1161\/hy0202.104270","article-title":"Association between pulse pressure and C-reactive protein among apparently healthy US adults","volume":"39","author":"Abramson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001785","article-title":"Independent association between inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and TNF-alpha) and essential hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Bautista","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.07.050","article-title":"The relationship between blood pressure and C-reactive protein in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"46","author":"Lakoski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.3.345","article-title":"C-reactive protein concentration an incident hypertension in young adults","volume":"166","author":"Lakoski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053730.47739.3C","article-title":"Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention","volume":"107","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2006.00033.x","article-title":"C-reactive protein (CRP)-lowering agents","volume":"24","author":"Prasad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drug Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000147415.40692.7f","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation and microalbuminuria in hypertension","volume":"24","author":"Pedrinelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.05.052","article-title":"Relation of microalbuminuria to adiponectin and augmented C-reactive protein levels in men with essential hypertension","volume":"96","author":"Tsioufis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.03.054","article-title":"Relation of left ventricular concentric remodeling to levels of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"96","author":"Tsioufis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000022061.12297.2E","article-title":"Von Willebrand factor, soluble P-selectin, and target organ damage in hypertension: a substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT)","volume":"40","author":"Spencer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000104566.10178.AF","article-title":"Blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and risk of future cardiovascular events","volume":"108","author":"Blake","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib44","first-page":"IV6","article-title":"Established and emerging plasma biomarkers in the prediction of first atherothrombotic events","volume":"109","author":"Ridker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.13.1368","article-title":"An assessment of incremental coronary risk prediction using C-reactive protein and other novel risk markers: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"166","author":"Folsom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2005.05.006","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with valsartan plus hydrochlorothiazide compared with amlodipine monotherapy in hypertensive patients with other cardiovascular risk factors: the VAST study","volume":"27","author":"Ruilope","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.051","article-title":"Comparative effects of valsartan versus amlodipine on left ventricular mass and reactive oxygen species formation by monocytes in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"43","author":"Yasunari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16451-9","article-title":"Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomized trial","volume":"363","author":"Julius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000226046.58883.32","article-title":"Valsartan, blood pressure reduction, and C-reactive protein: primary report of the Val-MARC trial","volume":"48","author":"Ridker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","article-title":"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure","volume":"289","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2005.20.3.379","article-title":"Relations of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to various cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Ryu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200209000-00012","article-title":"Does exercise reduce inflammation?","volume":"13","author":"Ford","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.08.030","article-title":"The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in subjects with the metabolic syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Aronson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.10.041","article-title":"Reduction in C-reactive protein through cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training","volume":"43","author":"Milani","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0502.103331","article-title":"Weight loss reduces C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women","volume":"105","author":"Tchernof","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi183","article-title":"Associations between cigarette smoking, pipe\/cigar smoking, and smoking cessation, and haemostatic and inflammatory markers for cardiovascular disease","volume":"26","author":"Wannamethee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society of Hypertension"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933171107000162?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933171107000162?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T21:26:45Z","timestamp":1628717205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1933171107000162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1933171107000162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jash.2007.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-1711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-1711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}