{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:38:25Z","timestamp":1791898705030,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,19]],"date-time":"2005-11-19T07:15:24Z","timestamp":1132384524000},"page":"63-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Physiopathology and genetics of vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Thierry","family":"Passeron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Ortonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203050-00001","article-title":"Vitiligo: a manifestation of apoptosis?","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05024.x","article-title":"Melanocyte detachment after skin friction in non lesional skin of patients with generalized vitiligo","volume":"148","author":"Gauthier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00032.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Caucasian probands and their families","volume":"16","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.12.1532","article-title":"Nonsurgical repigmentation therapies in vitiligo. Meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"134","author":"Njoo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.05.036","article-title":"Tacrolimus ointment promotes repigmentation of vitiligo in children: a review of 57 cases","volume":"51","author":"Silverberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01111-0","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and immune function: unknown dimensions and new frontiers","volume":"18","author":"Wilckens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2002.01148.x","article-title":"Calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus: mechanisms of action and applications in dermatology","volume":"27","author":"Reynolds","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.12.031","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus therapy for vitiligo: therapeutic responses and skin messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines","volume":"51","author":"Grimes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00782.x","article-title":"Modulation of IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma in the epidermis of hairless mice by UVA (320\u2013400nm) and UVB (280\u2013320nm) radiation","volume":"113","author":"Shen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(98)00075-9","article-title":"Langerhans cell responses to ultraviolet B radiation","volume":"19","author":"Kitajima","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2002.18812.x","article-title":"Antigens derived from melanocyte differentiation proteins: self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and use for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"188","author":"Engelhard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)90493-6","article-title":"Vitiligo-like lesions following immunotherapy with IFN alpha and IL-2 in melanoma patients","volume":"30A","author":"Scheibenbogen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000246208","article-title":"Interferon-induced vitiligo in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis C infection","volume":"193","author":"Simsek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02120-6","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of vitiligo after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"355","author":"Neumeister","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.117215","article-title":"Transfer of vitiligo after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"46","author":"Alajlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410021556","article-title":"Generalized vitiligo after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation","volume":"85","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2003.09.006","article-title":"Apoptosis in feathers of Smyth line chickens with autoimmune vitiligo","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2001.140107.x","article-title":"Herpesvirus connection in the expression of autoimmune vitiligo in Smyth line chickens","volume":"14","author":"Erf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib19","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Presence of T cells and macrophages in inflammatory vitiligo skin parallels melanocyte disappearance","volume":"148","author":"Le Poole","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780138","article-title":"Local immune response in skin of generalized vitiligo patients. Destruction of melanocytes is associated with the prominent presence of CLA+ T cells at the perilesional site","volume":"80","author":"van den Wijngaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000069521.42488.1B","article-title":"Immunopolarization of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to Type-1-like is associated with melanocyte loss in human vitiligo","volume":"83","author":"Wankowicz-Kalinska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2002.1o049.x","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo: imbalance of epidermal cytokines at sites of lesions","volume":"15","author":"Moretti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(98)00070-X","article-title":"Serum concentration of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor in vitiligo patients","volume":"19","author":"Yeo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00168.x","article-title":"Decreased total numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes with elevated percentages of CD4+CD45RO+ and CD4+ CD25+ of T-helper cells in non-segmental vitiligo","volume":"29","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.6.1203","article-title":"High frequency of skin-homing melanocyte-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune vitiligo","volume":"188","author":"Ogg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01363.x","article-title":"HLA-A2 restricted, melanocyte-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes detected in vitiligo patients are related to disease activity and are predominantly directed against MelanA\/MART1","volume":"116","author":"Lang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.23538.x","article-title":"Peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance against melanocytic self-antigens in the skin is regulated in two steps by CD4+ T cells and local inflammation: implications for the pathophysiology of vitiligo","volume":"124","author":"Steitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23653.x","article-title":"4-Tertiary butyl phenol exposure sensitizes human melanocytes to dendritic cell-mediated killing: relevance to vitiligo","volume":"124","author":"Kroll","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib29","first-page":"1837","article-title":"A melanosomal membrane protein is a cell surface target for melanoma therapy","volume":"2","author":"Takechi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1609","article-title":"Implicating a role for immune recognition of self in tumor rejection: passive immunization against the brown locus protein","volume":"182","author":"Hara","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370020107","article-title":"Studies on vitiligo. I. Epidemiological profile in Calcutta, India","volume":"2","author":"Das","year":"1985","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680290066010","article-title":"Pattern of familial aggregation of vitiligo","volume":"129","author":"Majumder","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.12.044","article-title":"Characteristics of genetic epidemiology and genetic models for vitiligo","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00145.x","article-title":"Difference in pathogenesis between vitiligo vulgaris and halo nevi associated with vitiligo is supported by an HLA association study","volume":"17","author":"de Vijlder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.6.661","article-title":"Mapping of an autoimmunity susceptibility locus (AIS1) to chromosome 1p31.3-p32.2","volume":"11","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1086\/375451","article-title":"A genomewide screen for generalized vitiligo: confirmation of AIS1 on chromosome 1p31 and evidence for additional susceptibility loci","volume":"72","author":"Fain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1086\/381134","article-title":"Novel vitiligo susceptibility loci on chromosomes 7 (AIS2) and 8 (AIS3), confirmation of SLEV1 on chromosome 17, and their roles in an autoimmune diathesis","volume":"74","author":"Spritz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-002-0687-5","article-title":"Vitiligo: complex segregation and linkage disequilibrium analyses with respect to microsatellite loci spanning the HLA","volume":"110","author":"Arcos-Burgos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.07.005","article-title":"HLA-DRB1 *04 is associated with the genetic susceptibility to develop vitiligo in Mexican patients with autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"52","author":"Orozco-Topete","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00141.x","article-title":"Association of HLA class I antigens and HLA class II alleles with vitiligo in a Turkish population","volume":"17","author":"Tastan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04288.x","article-title":"Linkage and association of HLA class II genes with vitiligo in a Dutch population","volume":"145","author":"Zamani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00370723","article-title":"Stem cell factor, a novel cutaneous growth factor for mast cells and melanocytes","volume":"287","author":"Grabbe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07744.x","article-title":"In utero manipulation of coat color formation by a monoclonal anti-c-kit antibody: two distinct waves of c-kit-dependency during melanocyte development","volume":"10","author":"Nishikawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07618.x","article-title":"The expression of the c-kit receptor by epidermal melanocytes may be reduced in vitiligo","volume":"134","author":"Norris","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1538","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of melanocytes in vitiligo epidermis: role of SCF\/KIT protein interactions and the downstream effector, MITF-M","volume":"202","author":"Kitamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.3.869","article-title":"Challenges in oncology. Case 3. Depigmentation in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient treated with STI-571","volume":"20","author":"Raanani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib47","first-page":"722","article-title":"Hypopigmentation in an African patient treated with imatinib mesylate: a case report","volume":"95","author":"Hasan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00762-6","article-title":"Bcl2 regulation by the melanocyte master regulator Mitf modulates lineage survival and melanoma cell viability","volume":"109","author":"McGill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401475","article-title":"PI3K mediates protection against TRAIL-induced apoptosis in primary human melanocytes","volume":"11","author":"Larribere","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.8.1467","article-title":"The winged-helix transcription factor FoxD3 is important for establishing the neural crest lineage and repressing melanogenesis in avian embryos","volume":"128","author":"Kos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062041099","article-title":"The embryonic stem cell transcription factors Oct-4 and FoxD3 interact to regulate endodermal-specific promoter expression","volume":"99","author":"Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4365-8","article-title":"Forkhead transcription factors in immunology","volume":"62","author":"Jonsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23822.x","article-title":"Candidate functional promoter variant in the FOXD3 melanoblast developmental regulator gene in autosomal dominant vitiligo","volume":"125","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1086\/324470","article-title":"Evidence for a susceptibility gene, SLEV1, on chromosome 17p13 in families with vitiligo-related systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"69","author":"Nath","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1086\/430279","article-title":"A novel linkage to generalized vitiligo on 4q13\u2013q21 identified in a genomewide linkage analysis of Chinese families","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841105001368?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841105001368?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T07:56:44Z","timestamp":1760255804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896841105001368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0896841105001368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-8411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-8411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physiopathology and genetics of vitiligo","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Autoimmunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.10.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}