{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:36:20Z","timestamp":1790296580365,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK63829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK63829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK63861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK63861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK63821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK63821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK63865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK63865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK63863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK63863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK63836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK63836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK63790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK63790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK63829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK63829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK63861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK63861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK63821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK63821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK63865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK63865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK63863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK63863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK63836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK63836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK95300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK95300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK100238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK100238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC4 DK106955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC4 DK106955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN267200700014C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN267200700014C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"NICHD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"NIEHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008871","name":"JDRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"NIH\/NCATS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007698","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010174","name":"University of Colorado","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010174","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T06:15:39Z","timestamp":1505974539000},"page":"93-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gestational respiratory infections interacting with offspring HLA and CTLA-4 modifies incident \u03b2-cell autoantibodies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Kristian F.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"T\u00f6rn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendra","family":"Vehik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4526-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Krischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3306-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Elding","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Hagopian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian J.","family":"Rewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Xiong","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli G.","family":"Simell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorma","family":"Toppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette-G.","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena","family":"Akolkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Hy\u00f6ty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezio","family":"Bonifacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1735-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c5ke","family":"Lernmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3514-y","article-title":"The 6 year incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in genetically at-risk children: the TEDDY study","volume":"58","author":"Krischer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6285","article-title":"Seroconversion to multiple islet autoantibodies and risk of progression to diabetes in children","volume":"309","author":"Ziegler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0300","article-title":"Patterns of \u03b2-cell autoantibody appearance and genetic associations during the first years of life","volume":"62","author":"Ilonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1331","article-title":"HLA DR-DQ haplotypes and genotypes and type 1 diabetes risk: analysis of the type 1 diabetes genetics consortium families","volume":"57","author":"Erlich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00774.x","article-title":"The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY): genetic criteria and international diabetes risk screening of 421 000 infants","volume":"12","author":"Hagopian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00186.x","article-title":"Population-based genetic screening for the estimation of Type 1 diabetes mellitus risk in Finland: selective genotyping of markers in the HLA-DQB1, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB1 loci","volume":"16","author":"Nejentsev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabet. Med. a J. Br. Diabet. Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.3.460","article-title":"Autoantibody appearance and risk for development of childhood diabetes in offspring of parents with type 1 diabetes: the 2-year analysis of the German BABYDIAB Study","volume":"48","author":"Ziegler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050514","article-title":"Newborn screening for HLA markers associated with IDDM: diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY)","volume":"39","author":"Rewers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.506","article-title":"Genetic and perinatal factors as risk for childhood type 1 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Larsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes\/metabolism Res. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2007.00269.x","article-title":"The environmental determinants of diabetes in the young (TEDDY) study: study design","volume":"8","author":"Group TS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400261","article-title":"Maternal-child blood group incompatibility and other perinatal events increase the risk for early-onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus","volume":"35","author":"Dahlquist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.10.1698","article-title":"Perinatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe. The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group","volume":"22","author":"Dahlquist","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000081301.25600.5D","article-title":"No association between preeclampsia or cesarean section and incidence of type 1 diabetes among children: a large, population-based cohort study","volume":"54","author":"Stene","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1759-6","article-title":"Birthweight and risk of type 1 diabetes in children and young adults: a population-based register study","volume":"48","author":"Dahlquist","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"7066","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7066.1174","article-title":"Intrauterine growth pattern and risk of childhood onset insulin dependent (type I) diabetes: population based case-control study","volume":"313","author":"Dahlquist","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ Clin. Res. ed.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1648-5","article-title":"Birthweight and the risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies using individual patient data","volume":"53","author":"Cardwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1074-0","article-title":"Children developing type 1 diabetes before 6 years of age have increased linear growth independent of HLA genotypes","volume":"51","author":"Larsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0941-z","article-title":"Caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"51","author":"Cardwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.1.17","article-title":"Nutrition and low birth weight: from research to practice","volume":"79","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-281","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes: a matched case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Robertson","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9985-1","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring type 1 diabetes mellitus risk: accounting for HLA haplotype","volume":"30","author":"Mattsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.4.408","article-title":"Maternal enteroviral infection during pregnancy as a risk factor for childhood IDDM. A population-based case-control study","volume":"44","author":"Dahlquist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.6.652","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of the role of coxsackie B and other enterovirus infections in the pathogenesis of IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group","volume":"44","author":"Hyoty","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.8.2568","article-title":"Maternal first-trimester enterovirus infection and future risk of type 1 diabetes in the exposed fetus","volume":"51","author":"Viskari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211912","article-title":"Cord blood islet autoantibodies and seasonal association with the type 1 diabetes high-risk genotype","volume":"28","author":"Lynch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Perinatol. Off. J. Calif. Perinat. Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-013-0406-8","article-title":"The changing landscape of type 1 diabetes: recent developments and future frontiers","volume":"13","author":"Vehik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl 2(S125\u201336","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib27","article-title":"Environmental triggers and determinants of type 1 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Knip","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1157-x","article-title":"The HLA-DR phenotype modulates the humoral immune response to enterovirus antigens","volume":"46","author":"Sadeharju","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2012.0022","article-title":"Seroconversion to islet autoantibodies after enterovirus infection in early pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Resic Lindehammer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0648-6","article-title":"Relationship between increased relative birthweight and infections during pregnancy in children with a high-risk diabetes HLA genotype","volume":"50","author":"Larsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1497","article-title":"Role of type 1 diabetes-associated SNPs on risk of autoantibody positivity in the TEDDY study","volume":"64","author":"T\u00f6rn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"Suppl 1(S1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib32","article-title":"Overview of the type I diabetes genetics consortium","volume":"10","author":"Rich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27887","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27887","article-title":"Complement gene variants in relation to autoantibodies to beta cell specific antigens and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY Study","volume":"6","author":"T\u00f6rn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2757","article-title":"Association of early exposure of probiotics and islet autoimmunity in the TEDDY study","volume":"170","author":"Uusitalo","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0293","article-title":"Harmonization of glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 autoantibody assays for national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases consortia","volume":"95","author":"Bonifacio","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.1.1","article-title":"Transmission of maternal islet antibodies and risk of autoimmune diabetes in offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Koczwara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.240","article-title":"Islet autoantibodies in cord blood: maternal, fetal, or neither?","volume":"18","author":"Rewers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Res. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.232","article-title":"Prevalence and fate of type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies in cord blood samples from newborn infants of non-diabetic mothers","volume":"18","author":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes\/metabolism Res. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.497","article-title":"Is presence of islet autoantibodies at birth associated with development of persistent islet Autoimmunity?: the diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY)","volume":"27","author":"Stanley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401769","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in transmission of expression of islet autoantibodies to offspring","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3394-6","article-title":"Cord blood insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibodies are associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes in the population-based Diabetes Prediction in Sk\u00e5ne study","volume":"58","author":"Lundgren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2389","article-title":"Maternal enterovirus infection as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes in the exposed offspring","volume":"35","author":"Viskari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401772","article-title":"Indications that maternal coxsackie B virus infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for childhood-onset IDDM","volume":"38","author":"Dahlquist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.7.1075","article-title":"The CTLA-4 gene region of chromosome 2q33 is linked to, and associated with, type 1 diabetes. Belgian Diabetes Registry","volume":"5","author":"Nistic\u00f2","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363655","article-title":"CTLA-4 in autoimmune diseases-a general susceptibility gene to autoimmunity?","volume":"1","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"issue":"Suppl 1(S27\u201332","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib46","article-title":"Remapping the type I diabetes association of the CTLA4 locus","volume":"10","author":"Qu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01011.x","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic control of peripheral T-cell tolerance by costimulatory molecules of the CD28\/\u200aB7 family","volume":"241","author":"Bour-Jordan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0015","article-title":"Joint genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis: from epidemiology to mechanisms","volume":"29","author":"Huber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2002.00309.x","article-title":"CTLA-4 49 A\/G dimorphism and type 1 diabetes susceptibility: a French case-control study and segregation analysis. Evidence of a maternal effect","volume":"29","author":"Fajardy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunogenet. Off. J. Br. Soc. Histocompat. Immunogenet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2008.034","article-title":"CTLA-4 polymorphism 49A-G is associated with placental abruption and preeclampsia in Finnish women","volume":"46","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(98)00073-4","article-title":"Transmission disequilibrium of maternally-inherited CTLA-4 microsatellite alleles in idiopathic recurrent miscarriage","volume":"40","author":"Tsai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Reprod. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib52","first-page":"100","article-title":"Association of the A\/G polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of CTLA-4 with the susceptibility to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in the Chinese population","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. (New York, N.Y. 1989)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(02)00831-7","article-title":"Reduced CTLA-4 protein and messenger RNA expression in umbilical cord blood T lymphocytes","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03243.x","article-title":"Evidence for immunological priming and increased frequency of CD4+ CD25+ cord blood T cells in children born to mothers with type 1 diabetes","volume":"146","author":"Holm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3225-9","article-title":"The incidence of diabetes among 0-34 year olds in Sweden: new data and better methods","volume":"57","author":"Rawshani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9680","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60568-7","article-title":"Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: a multicentre prospective registration study","volume":"373","author":"Patterson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet (London, Engl."}],"container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841117305589?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841117305589?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T08:17:06Z","timestamp":1760257026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896841117305589"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0896841117305589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-8411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-8411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gestational respiratory infections interacting with offspring HLA and CTLA-4 modifies incident \u03b2-cell autoantibodies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Autoimmunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.09.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}