{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:29:53Z","timestamp":1792553393086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T03:56:43Z","timestamp":1657252603000},"page":"102860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGN) induces pathogenic autoantibody production via autoreactive B cell receptor clonal selection, implications in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Wangbin","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanxiu","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane L.","family":"Kamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenwu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Ogunrinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan-Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuang","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary S.","family":"Gilkeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1374-053X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.047","article-title":"Autoantibody-positive healthy individuals with lower lupus risk display a unique immune endotype","volume":"146","author":"Slight-Webb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021933","article-title":"Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"349","author":"Arbuckle","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.11.009","article-title":"A diet-sensitive commensal Lactobacillus strain mediates TLR7-dependent systemic autoimmunity","volume":"25","author":"Zegarra-Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6380","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7201","article-title":"Translocation of a gut pathobiont drives autoimmunity in mice and humans","volume":"359","author":"Manfredo Vieira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40935","article-title":"A link between plasma microbial translocation, microbiome, and autoantibody development in first-degree relatives of systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"71","author":"Ogunrinde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00006","article-title":"population-based survey of Staphylococcus aureus colonization","volume":"144","author":"Graham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1079-x","article-title":"Association between Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and disease phenotype in patients affected by systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"18","author":"Conti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.11.016","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus colonization is increased on lupus skin lesions and is promoted by IFN-mediated barrier disruption","volume":"140","author":"Sirobhushanam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0646-1","article-title":"Systemic translocation of Staphylococcus drives autoantibody production in HIV disease","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc9113","article-title":"Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy","volume":"373","author":"Matthew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scinece"},{"issue":"6558","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc9113","article-title":"Enterococcus peptidoglycan remodeling promotes checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy","volume":"373","author":"Griffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0381-1","article-title":"Antibody neutralization of microbiota-derived circulating peptidoglycan dampens inflammation and ameliorates autoimmunity","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9007","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.007997","article-title":"Trace levels of peptidoglycan in serum underlie the NOD-dependent cytokine response to endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"294","author":"Molinaro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez634","article-title":"Discovery of new serum biomarker panels for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis","volume":"59","author":"Ling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6481","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.10.6481","article-title":"Decreased expression of the Ets family transcription factor Fli-1 markedly prolongs survival and significantly reduces renal disease in MRL\/lpr mice","volume":"173","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22172","article-title":"Ik cytokine ameliorates the progression of lupus nephritis in MRL\/lpr mice","volume":"54","author":"Muraoka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001869","article-title":"Presentation of soluble antigens to CD8+ T cells by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-primed human naive B cells","volume":"186","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473","article-title":"Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"Petri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2018.3","article-title":"A protocol for quantizing total bacterial 16S rDNA in plasma as a marker of microbial translocation in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23416","article-title":"Autoantibody prevalence and lupus characteristics in a unique African American population","volume":"58","author":"Kamen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316676378","article-title":"Autoantibodies persist in relatives to systemic lupus erythematosus patients during 12 years follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Langkilde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00078-7","article-title":"Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme","volume":"102","author":"Muramatsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.24.9150","article-title":"Structure and function of anti-DNA autoantibodies derived from a single autoimmune mouse","volume":"84","author":"Shlomchik","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2016.65","article-title":"IgG subclass co-expression brings harmony to the quartet model of murine IgG function","volume":"94","author":"Collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000181181","article-title":"Bacterial peptidoglycan degrading enzymes and their impact on host muropeptide detection","volume":"1","author":"Humann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.136","article-title":"Peptidoglycan recognition by the innate immune system","volume":"18","author":"Wolf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00475","article-title":"Mechanisms of kidney injury in lupus nephritis - the role of anti-dsDNA antibodies","volume":"6","author":"Yung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.52.1.14","article-title":"Significance of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to double stranded and single stranded DNA in patients with lupus nephritis: correlation with severity of renal histology","volume":"52","author":"Okamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumat. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.11.661","article-title":"The predictive value of fluctuations in IgM and IgG class anti-dsDNA antibodies for relapses in systemic lupus erythematosus. A prospective long-term observation","volume":"56","author":"Bootsma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Rheumat. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib30","first-page":"491","article-title":"Distinctive role of IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes in Fc gamma R-mediated functions","volume":"66","author":"Rozsnyay","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1948","article-title":"Differential contribution of three activating IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIII, and FcgammaRIV) to IgG2a- and IgG2b-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia in mice","volume":"180","author":"Baudino","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-006-0037-0","article-title":"Molecular and cellular basis for pathogenicity of autoantibodies: lessons from murine monoclonal autoantibodies","volume":"28","author":"Baudino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Springer Semin. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2038-0","article-title":"ALW peptide ameliorates lupus nephritis in MRL\/lpr mice","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.1.62","article-title":"IgG subclass distribution of autoantibodies differs between renal and extra-renal relapses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"41","author":"Bijl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.1.265","article-title":"Anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune mice arise by clonal expansion and somatic mutation","volume":"171","author":"Shlomchik","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13197","article-title":"Precipitating anti-dsDNA peptide repertoires in lupus","volume":"194","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"7639","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20810","article-title":"Pathologically expanded peripheral T helper cell subset drives B cells in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"542","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2803","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus protein A triggers T cell-independent B cell proliferation by sensitizing B cells for TLR2 ligands","volume":"178","author":"Bekeredjian-Ding","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0807588","article-title":"Commercial peptidoglycan preparations are contaminated with superantigen-like activity that stimulates IL-17 production","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117793","article-title":"Induction of cross-reactive anti-dsDNA antibodies in preautoimmune NZB\/NZW mice by immunization with bacterial DNA","volume":"95","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1389","article-title":"Modulation of renal disease in autoimmune NZB\/NZW mice by immunization with bacterial DNA","volume":"183","author":"Gilkeson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.1.119-125.1994","article-title":"Lipoteichoic acid induces secretion of interleukin-8 from human blood monocytes: a cellular and molecular analysis","volume":"62","author":"Standiford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1995.1011","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha expression in vivo and in vitro: the role of lipoteichoic acid","volume":"74","author":"Danforth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02839.x","article-title":"Regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 on CD14dimCD16+ monocytes in response to sepsis-related antigens","volume":"141","author":"Skinner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.9.1367","article-title":"Immunoadsorption onto protein A induces remission in severe systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"15","author":"Braun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.6.1431","article-title":"Reduction of lupus nephritis in MRL\/lpr mice by a bacterial superantigen treatment","volume":"174","author":"Kim","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841122000683?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841122000683?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T08:29:47Z","timestamp":1760257787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896841122000683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0896841122000683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-8411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-8411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGN) induces pathogenic autoantibody production via autoreactive B cell receptor clonal selection, implications in systemic lupus erythematosus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Autoimmunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102860","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102860"}}