{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:50:33Z","timestamp":1793994633098,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T08:06:51Z","timestamp":1767168411000},"page":"103520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Daratumumab monotherapy reverses the immune and pro-fibrotic profiles in refractory lupus nephritis patients: a pilot case study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Dario","family":"Roccatello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7354-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Barinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Radin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Mancardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Fenoglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savino","family":"Sciascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.03.004","article-title":"Refractory lupus nephritis: when, why and how to treat","volume":"18","author":"Kronbichler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.11.023","article-title":"Revision of the international society of nephrology\/renal pathology society classification for lupus nephritis: clarification of definitions, and modified national institutes of health activity and chronicity indices","volume":"93","author":"Bajema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01824-x","article-title":"Refractory systemic lupus erythematosus: identification and pharmacological management","volume":"83","author":"Roccatello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320932219","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and end-stage renal disease: a pragmatic review mapping disease severity and progression","volume":"29","author":"Mahajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S713","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-216924","article-title":"Update of the joint european league against rheumatism and European Renal association-european dialysis and transplant association (EULAR\/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis","volume":"79","author":"Fanouriakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.200566","article-title":"Lupus nephritis and chronic kidney disease","volume":"47","author":"Salama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00925-5","article-title":"Treatment of lupus nephritis: consensus, evidence and perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Mok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2022.2138340","article-title":"Novel and emerging treatment strategies for lupus nephritis","volume":"15","author":"Yap","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.10.011","article-title":"The role of B cells in lupus pathogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Nashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101921-042422","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis: Interferon and beyond","volume":"41","author":"Caielli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27233","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: the randomized, double-blind, phase II\/III systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial","volume":"62","author":"Merrill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34359","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis: the lupus nephritis assessment with rituximab study","volume":"64","author":"Rovin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001180","article-title":"Two-year, randomized, controlled trial of belimumab in lupus nephritis","volume":"383","author":"Furie","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-220920","article-title":"B-cell depletion with obinutuzumab for the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"81","author":"Furie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.1","article-title":"Long-lived autoreactive plasma cells drive persistent autoimmune inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Hiepe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-00991-0","article-title":"New insights into the ontogeny, diversity, maturation and survival of long-lived plasma cells","volume":"24","author":"Fooksman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2024.102442","article-title":"New insights into the mechanisms regulating plasma cell survival and longevity","volume":"88","author":"Khamyath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005122","article-title":"Association of peripheral CD8 + T cell activation with disease activity and treatment resistance in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"11","author":"Fujita","year":"2025","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000865","article-title":"B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"34","author":"Szelinski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-023-02071-9","article-title":"Assessing the causal relationship between immune traits and systemic lupus erythematosus by bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"298","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2023325","article-title":"Targeting CD38 with daratumumab in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"383","author":"Ostendorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-023-01240-8","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of daratumumab","volume":"62","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606038","article-title":"Daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma","volume":"375","author":"Palumbo","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02479-1","article-title":"Daratumumab monotherapy for refractory lupus nephritis","volume":"29","author":"Roccatello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2002.003574","article-title":"EULAR randomised controlled trial of pulse cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone versus continuous cyclophosphamide and prednisolone followed by azathioprine and prednisolone in lupus nephritis","volume":"63","author":"Yee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603063141004","article-title":"Therapy of lupus nephritis","volume":"314","author":"Austin","year":"1986","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib27","first-page":"1135","volume":"vol. 22","author":"Mok","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I89","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw388","article-title":"What can target kidney fibrosis?","volume":"32","author":"Leaf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib29","article-title":"Editorial: innate immunity in kidney injury, repair and fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-024-1117-z","article-title":"Update of cellular senescence in kidney fibrosis: from mechanism to potential interventions","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.09.009","article-title":"Risk of malignancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Clarke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14647","article-title":"Malignancy risk of non-biologic immunosuppressive therapies: a review of the literature with evidence-based treatment recommendations","volume":"31","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.13102","article-title":"Risk of infections and cancer in patients with rheumatologic diseases receiving interleukin inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Bilal","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13110934","article-title":"Infection-associated flares in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Ramirez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2016-000159","article-title":"Molecular signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus: distinction between disease flare and infection","volume":"3","author":"Mackay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-024-00395-6","article-title":"Infection versus disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with fever","volume":"8","author":"Abdel-Magied","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141152","article-title":"BAFF and APRIL: a tutorial on B cell survival","volume":"21","author":"Mackay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/08830185.2016.1276903","article-title":"Targeting BAFF and APRIL in systemic lupus erythematosus and other antibody-associated diseases","volume":"36","author":"Samy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.675250","article-title":"CD3+CD4+gp130+ T cells are associated with worse disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients","volume":"12","author":"Mohd Shukri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.797","article-title":"gp130 and the interleukin-6 family of cytokines","volume":"15","author":"Taga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2022.5098","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in systemic lupus erythematosus: structure, function and therapeutic implications","volume":"49","author":"Ghorbaninezhad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2020.1853568","article-title":"Diagnostic value of TWEAK for predicting active lupus nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221141261","article-title":"Status of TWEAK DNA methylation and mRNA expression in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"32","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2532","article-title":"Glomerular matrix metalloproteinases and their regulators in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis","volume":"10","author":"Tveita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2020-0180","article-title":"Role of MMP-2 and its inhibitor TIMP-2 as biomarkers for susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Vira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz174","article-title":"Imbalanced turnover of collagen type III is associated with disease progression and mortality in high-risk chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Genovese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0001132021","article-title":"Collagen type III and VI remodeling biomarkers are associated with kidney fibrosis in lupus nephritis","volume":"2","author":"Genovese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0004732021","article-title":"Collagen remodeling biomarkers in lupus nephritis","volume":"2","author":"Caster","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101902","article-title":"Targeting CD38-dependent NAD+ metabolism to mitigate multiple organ fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.04.039","article-title":"CD38hi macrophages promote fibrotic transition following acute kidney injury by modulating NAD+ metabolism","volume":"33","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib51","article-title":"Application of CD38 monoclonal antibody in kidney disease","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2022-208199","article-title":"Thrombin generation assay and lupus anticoagulant synergically distinguish populations of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies","volume":"76","author":"Radin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6212","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-0442","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of patients after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Autoimmunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841125001659?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896841125001659?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T03:16:55Z","timestamp":1770088615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896841125001659"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0896841125001659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-8411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-8411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Daratumumab monotherapy reverses the immune and pro-fibrotic profiles in refractory lupus nephritis patients: a pilot case study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Autoimmunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103520","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103520"}}