{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:50:29Z","timestamp":1781743829038,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY024324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY024324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY027349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY027349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007914","name":"The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jbc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biological Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T21:30:31Z","timestamp":1677015031000},"page":"103046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Probing dietary triacylglycerol metabolism and meibogenesis in mice: A stable isotope-labeled tracer liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"Igor A.","family":"Butovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seher","family":"Yuksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib1","series-title":"Physiologie du gout","author":"Brillat-Savarin","year":"1850"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2017.06.020","article-title":"Meibomian glands, meibum, and meibogenesis","volume":"163","author":"Butovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2016.03.024","article-title":"Dissecting lipid metabolism in meibomian glands of humans and mice: an integrative study reveals a network of metabolic reactions not duplicated in other tissues","volume":"1861","author":"Butovich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020350","article-title":"Relation of dietary fatty acids and vitamin D to the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction in Japanese adults: the Hirado-Takushima study","volume":"10","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.01.004","article-title":"Relation between dietary essential fatty acid intake and dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women","volume":"189","author":"Ziemanski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19227","article-title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction model in hairless mice fed a special diet\u00a0with limited lipid content","volume":"57","author":"Miyake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S62470","article-title":"Benefits of omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation on health-related quality of life in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Olenik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib8","first-page":"336","article-title":"The role of omega-3 dietary supplementation in blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction (an AOS thesis)","volume":"106","author":"Macsai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib9","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the effect of omega-3 supplements on meibomian gland dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Al-Namaeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001884","article-title":"Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for treatment of dry eye disease: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"38","author":"Giannaccare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181f22e03","article-title":"Pilot, prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial of an omega-3 supplement for dry eye","volume":"30","author":"Wojtowicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib12","first-page":"811","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Bhargava","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.08.016","article-title":"Diet, nutraceuticals and the tear film","volume":"117","author":"Jalbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228772","article-title":"Obese mice with dyslipidemia exhibit meibomian gland hypertrophy and alterations in meibum composition and aqueous tear production","volume":"21","author":"Osae","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.105894","article-title":"Differential effects of dietary cholesterol and triglycerides on the lipid homeostasis in meibomian glands","volume":"211","author":"Butovich","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108189","article-title":"Delineating a novel metabolic high triglycerides-low waxes syndrome that affects lipid homeostasis in meibomian and sebaceous glands","volume":"199","author":"Butovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6881","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10516","article-title":"Toward an animal model of the human tear film: biochemical comparison of the mouse, canine, rabbit, and human meibomian lipidomes","volume":"53","author":"Butovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib18","first-page":"2632","article-title":"Inactivation of Awat2 in mice causes loss of wax ester lipids from meibum","volume":"61","author":"McMahon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10034","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900725R","article-title":"On the pivotal role of Elovl3\/ELOVL3 in meibogenesis and ocular physiology of mice","volume":"33","author":"Butovich","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041583","article-title":"Depletion of cholesteryl esters causes meibomian gland dysfunction-like symptoms in a Soat1-null mouse model","volume":"22","author":"Butovich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200001000-00014","article-title":"Association of meibum oleic acid with meibomian seborrhea","volume":"19","author":"Shine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101733R","article-title":"Formation of fatty alcohols-components of meibum lipids-by the fatty acyl-CoA reductase FAR2 is essential for dry eye prevention","volume":"36","author":"Otsuka","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-009-1423-2","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive evaluation of the melting points of fatty acids and esters determined by differential scanning calorimetry","volume":"86","author":"Knothe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02534238","article-title":"Biosynthesis of lipids by bovine meibomian glands","volume":"20","author":"Kolattukudy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E702","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00526.2020","article-title":"High-throughput LC-MS method to investigate postprandial lipemia: considerations for future precision nutrition research","volume":"320","author":"Mucinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315260","article-title":"Comparison of the postprandial metabolic fate of U-(13)C stearic acid and U-(13)C oleic acid in postmenopausal women","volume":"40","author":"Rodriguez-Morato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37470-8","article-title":"Linoleate, alpha-linolenate, and docosahexaenoate recycling into saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids is a major pathway in pregnant or lactating adults and fetal or infant rhesus monkeys","volume":"37","author":"Sheaff Greiner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D299","DOI":"10.2741\/Phan","article-title":"Intestinal lipid absorption and transport","volume":"6","author":"Phan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00147-8","article-title":"An examination of the factors affecting intestinal lymphatic transport of dietary lipids","volume":"50","author":"Nordskog","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00456-1","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol. Dietary and pharmacological inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"151","author":"Ros","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1139\/o85-016","article-title":"Rapid isolation of a triacylglycerol synthetase complex from rat intestinal mucosa","volume":"63","author":"Manganaro","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6442","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10487","article-title":"Do lipids retard the evaporation of the tear fluid?","volume":"53","author":"Rantamaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.019","article-title":"Functional aspects of the tear film lipid layer","volume":"78","author":"Bron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8255-0","article-title":"LC\/MS lipid profiling from human serum: a new method for global lipid extraction","volume":"406","author":"Pellegrino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.12.23","article-title":"Effects of aging on human meibum","volume":"62","author":"Butovich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biological Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021925823001783?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021925823001783?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:39:23Z","timestamp":1758242363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021925823001783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021925823001783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9258","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Probing dietary triacylglycerol metabolism and meibogenesis in mice: A stable isotope-labeled tracer liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.103046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103046"}}