{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:24:54Z","timestamp":1791127494638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008233","name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008233","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62372475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A2034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A2034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62177047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62177047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T11:41:45Z","timestamp":1733830905000},"page":"104759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Efficient strabismus diagnosis from small samples: Harnessing spatial features for improved accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Renzhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongrong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Kui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuchang","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2021.1991182","article-title":"Thyroid-associated orbitopathy: management and treatment","volume":"72","author":"Hennein","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Binocul. Vis. Ocular Motil."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2020.1776331","article-title":"Clinical management and therapeutic strategies for the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: current and future perspectives","volume":"45","author":"Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2021.1916038","article-title":"Evaluation of a hirschberg test-based application for measuring ocular alignment and detecting strabismus","volume":"46","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"issue":"157","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b4","article-title":"Using an automated Hirschberg test app to evaluate ocular alignment","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JoVE (J. Vis. Exp.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13041067","article-title":"Usefulness assessment of automated strabismus angle measurements using innovative strabiscan device","volume":"13","author":"Grudzi\u0144ska","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b6","series-title":"2018 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics","first-page":"160","article-title":"Heterotropia diagnosis with smartphone using machine learning and computer vision","author":"Gupta","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.7.22","article-title":"Strabismus and artificial intelligence app: optimizing diagnostic and accuracy","volume":"10","author":"de Figueiredo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105132","article-title":"Virtual reality-based measurement of ocular deviation in strabismus","volume":"185","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2023.103805","article-title":"A new method based on deep learning and image processing for detection of strabismus with the hirschberg test","volume":"44","author":"Karaaslan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.1.33","article-title":"Detection of referable horizontal strabismus in children\u2019s primary gaze photographs using deep learning","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255643","article-title":"An automatic screening method for strabismus detection based on image processing","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b12","series-title":"Machine Learning","first-page":"101","article-title":"Support vector machine","author":"Pisner","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b13","series-title":"Objects as points","author":"Zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b14","series-title":"DenseUNet-K: A simplified densely connected fully convolutional network for image-to-image translation","author":"Dangi","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3067765","article-title":"Ellseg: An ellipse segmentation framework for robust gaze tracking","volume":"27","author":"Kothari","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b16","first-page":"240","article-title":"Generalised dice overlap as a deep learning loss function for highly unbalanced segmentations","author":"Sudre","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00d4.V. Ngoc, Y. Chen, N. Boutry, J. Chazalon, E. Carlinet, J. Fabrizio, C. Mallet, T. G\u00e9raud, Introducing the Boundary-Aware loss for deep image segmentation, in: British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC) 2021, 2021.","DOI":"10.5244\/C.35.419"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b18","series-title":"International Conference on Medical Imaging with Deep Learning","first-page":"285","article-title":"Boundary loss for highly unbalanced segmentation","author":"Kervadec","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b19","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"10347","article-title":"Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention","author":"Touvron","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b20","series-title":"Efficientnet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","author":"Tan","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Chen, C. Guestrin, XGBoost: A scalable tree boosting system, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Acm Sigkdd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2016, pp. 785\u2013794.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b22","article-title":"CatBoost: unbiased boosting with categorical features","volume":"31","author":"Prokhorenkova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b23","series-title":"Automated strabismus detection for telemedicine applications","author":"Lu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b24","series-title":"2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication","first-page":"216","article-title":"Strabismus classification using convolutional neural networks","author":"Kim","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303355","article-title":"Enhancing automated strabismus classification with limited data: Data augmentation using StyleGAN2-ADA","volume":"19","author":"Joo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b26","unstructured":"K. Simonyan, A. Zisserman, Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Chollet, Xception: Deep learning with depthwise separable convolutions, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2017, pp. 1251\u20131258.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.195"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Szegedy, W. Liu, Y. Jia, P. Sermanet, S. Reed, D. Anguelov, D. Erhan, V. Vanhoucke, A. Rabinovich, Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Vision, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR, 2016, pp. 2818\u20132826.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.308"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Nauta, R. Van Bree, C. Seifert, Neural prototype trees for interpretable fine-grained image recognition, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2021, pp. 14933\u201314943.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01469"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Freund, R.E. Schapire, Desicion-theoretic Generalization of On-Line Learning and an Application to Boosting, in: Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computational Learning Theory, EuroCOLT, 1995, pp. 23\u201337.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-59119-2_166"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","article-title":"Nearest neighbor pattern classification","volume":"13","author":"Cover","year":"1967","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532046424001771?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532046424001771?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T04:11:03Z","timestamp":1767240663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532046424001771"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1532046424001771"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0464","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficient strabismus diagnosis from small samples: Harnessing spatial features for improved accuracy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2024.104759","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104759"}}