{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:27:25Z","timestamp":1791149245417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,8]],"date-time":"2005-02-08T10:14:38Z","timestamp":1107857678000},"page":"931-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["A theoretical framework for strain-related trabecular bone maintenance and adaptation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Ruimerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hilbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"van Rietbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Huiskes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1392315","article-title":"Trabecular surface remodeling simulation for cancellous bone using microstructural voxel finite element models","volume":"123","author":"Adachi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100080507","article-title":"An approach for time dependent bone modeling and remodeling-application","volume":"8","author":"Beaupr\u00e9","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1991.tb01142.x","article-title":"The \u2018law of bone transformation\u2019","volume":"66","author":"Bertram","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110913","article-title":"DNA fragmentation during bone formation in neonatal rodents assessed by transferase-mediated end labeling","volume":"11","author":"Bronckers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.9001.s101","article-title":"Mechanosensory transduction in bone\u2014role of the lacuno-canalicular network","volume":"13","author":"Burger","year":"1999","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-2590(08)60139-1","article-title":"The direct and indirect effects of estrogen on bone formation","volume":"5B","author":"Chambers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Advances in Organ Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.11.1760","article-title":"Mechanical loading stimulates bone formation by reactivation of bone lining cells in 13-week-old rats","volume":"13","author":"Chow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02672512","article-title":"Effects of physical training on bone mineral density in prepubertal girls","volume":"8","author":"Courteix","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2891234","article-title":"Candidates for the mechanosensory system in bone","volume":"113","author":"Cowin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90006-1","article-title":"The effect of porosity and mineral content on the young's modulus of elasticity of compact bone","volume":"21","author":"Currey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Currey, J.D., 2002. Bones, Structure and Mechanics. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400849505"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.1210\/en.136.8.3632","article-title":"Evidence that intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone increases bone formation in aged rats by activation of bone lining cells to osteoblasts","volume":"136","author":"Dobnig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB13","unstructured":"Eriksen, E.F., Kassem, M., 1992. The cellular basis of bone remodeling. Sandoz Journal of Medical Screening: Triangle, Vol. 31; The changing architecture of the skeleton, pp. 45-57."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00906-7","article-title":"Cancellous bone microdamage in the proximal femur","volume":"31","author":"Fazzalari","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB15","series-title":"Bone Biodynamics","first-page":"315","article-title":"Dynamics of bone remodeling","author":"Frost","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092260402","article-title":"Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU)","volume":"226","author":"Frost","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anatomical Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092260403","article-title":"Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU)","volume":"226","author":"Frost","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anatomical Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110307","article-title":"Increased bone turnover in late postmenopausal women is a major determinant of osteoporosis","volume":"11","author":"Garnero","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.8.1295","article-title":"Mechanical stimulation of tissue repair in the hydraulic bone chamber","volume":"12","author":"Guldberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.4.498","article-title":"Effects of ethnicity and age or menopause on the remodeling and turnover of iliac bone","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Homminga, J., van Rietbergen, B., Lochm\u00fcller, E.M., Weinans, H., Eckstein, F., Huiskes, R., 2004. Osteoporotic vertebral structure is well adapted to the loads of daily life, but not to infrequent \u201cerror\u201d loads. Bone, in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.12.001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90030-3","article-title":"Adaptive bone-remodeling theory applied to prosthetic-design analysis","volume":"20","author":"Huiskes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/35015116","article-title":"Effects of mechanical forces on maintenance and adaptation of form in trabecular bone","volume":"405","author":"Huiskes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092270405","article-title":"Adaptation of cancellous bone to overloading in the adult rat","volume":"227","author":"Jee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anatomical Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB25","unstructured":"Kanis, J.A., 1997. Osteoporosis. Blackwell Healthcare Communications, Oxford."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00041-X","article-title":"Correlation between pre-operative periprosthetic bone density and post-operative bone loss in that can be explained by strain-adaptive remodelling","volume":"32","author":"Kerner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.5.7896017","article-title":"Sensitivity of osteocytes to biomechanical stress in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Klein-Nulend","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB28","unstructured":"Knothe Tate, M.L., Schaffler, M.B., 2002. Loss of osteocyte integrity colocolizes with bone resorption following disuse. Transactions of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Dallas, TX, 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00290-1","article-title":"Dynamic stochastic simulation of cancellous bone resorption","volume":"22","author":"Langton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511303332201","article-title":"Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"333","author":"Liberman","year":"1995","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB31","unstructured":"Li, C.Y., Laudier, D., Schaffler, M.B., 2003. Remobilization restores cancellous bone mass but not microarchitecture after long term disuse in older adult dogs. Transactions of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00241-0","article-title":"Towards a unifying theory of bone remodeling","volume":"26","author":"Martin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB33","unstructured":"McNamara, L.M., van der Linden, J.C., Weinans, H., Prendergast, P.J., 2002. High stresses occur in bone trabeculae under low loads! A study using micro-serial sectioning techniques and finite element analysis. Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the ESB, Wroclow, Poland, 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(88)90038-5","article-title":"Age-related changes in vertebral trabecular bone architecture\u2014assessed by a new method","volume":"9","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(87)90074-3","article-title":"Biomechanical competence of vertebral trabecular bone in relation to ah-density and age in normal individuals","volume":"8","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90046-I","article-title":"Consequences of the remodeling process for vertebral trabecular bone structure","volume":"10","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone and Mineral"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130405","article-title":"A proposal for the regulatory mechanism of Wolff's law","volume":"13","author":"Mullender","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00036-7","article-title":"Osteocytes and bone lining cells","volume":"20","author":"Mullender","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90049-3","article-title":"A physiological approach to the simulation of bone remodeling as a self organizational control process","volume":"27","author":"Mullender","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140618","article-title":"Osteocyte density and histomorphometric parameters in cancellous bone of the proximal femur in five mammalian species","volume":"14","author":"Mullender","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00251-2","article-title":"Effect of mechanical set point of bone cells on mechanical control of trabecular bone architecture","volume":"22","author":"Mullender","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB42","unstructured":"Nicolella, D., Lankford, J., 2002. Strain concentration effects of osteocyte lacunae. Transactions of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Dallas, TX, 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(96)00365-1","article-title":"Identification of apoptotic changes in osteocytes in normal and pathological human bone","volume":"20","author":"Noble","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240550303","article-title":"Osteonal and hemi-osteonal remodeling","volume":"55","author":"Parfitt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0207(19960830)39:16<2743::AID-NME974>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Computational strategies for iterative solutions of large fem applications employing voxel data","volume":"39","author":"van Rietbergen","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.10.1781","article-title":"Trabecular bone tissue strains in the healthy and osteoporotic human femur","volume":"18","author":"van Rietbergen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060602","article-title":"Mechanical loading, estrogen deficiency, and coupling of bone formation to bone resorption","volume":"6","author":"Rodan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840108908019","article-title":"A computer-simulation model relating bone-cell metabolism, to mechanical adaptation of trabecular bone","volume":"4","author":"Ruimerman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computer Methods in BioMechanics & BioMedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650040519","article-title":"Early strain-related changes in enzyme activity in osteocytes following bone loading in vivo","volume":"4","author":"Skerry","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00464-1","article-title":"Increase in bone volume fraction precedes architectural adaptation in growing bone","volume":"28","author":"Tanck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00156-2","article-title":"Does estrogen stimulate osteoblast function in postmenopausal women?","volume":"24","author":"Tobias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(96)01015-8","article-title":"Estrogen and bone metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Vaananen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.1.60","article-title":"Loss of osteocyte integrity in association with microdamage and bone remodeling after fatigue in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Verborgt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90056-7","article-title":"The behavior of adaptive bone remodeling simulation models","volume":"25","author":"Weinans","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB55","unstructured":"Wolff, J., 1892. Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen. A. Hirchwild, Berlin (Translated by Maquet P., Furlong R., The Law of Bone Remodeling. Springer, Berlin, 1986)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.10.1594","article-title":"The effects of twelve weeks of bed rest on bone histology, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium homeostasis in eleven normal subjects","volume":"13","author":"Zerwekh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929004002015?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929004002015?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T17:55:00Z","timestamp":1625421300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021929004002015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021929004002015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}