{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T03:44:48Z","timestamp":1792986288215,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,28]],"date-time":"2007-03-28T07:17:53Z","timestamp":1175066273000},"page":"1670-1675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Off-axis loads cause failure of the distal radius at lower magnitudes than axial loads: A finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Troy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Grabiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B1.0810143","article-title":"Determination of Hounsfield value for CT-based design of custom femoral stems","volume":"81","author":"Aamodt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.1.120","article-title":"Site-specific effects of strength training on bone structure and geometry of ultradistal radius in postmenopausal women","volume":"14","author":"Adami","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Bone Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160517","article-title":"Distal radius fractures: mechanisms of injury and strength prediction by bone mineral assessment","volume":"16","author":"Augat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib5","first-page":"28","article-title":"Osteoporosis. Efficacy and safety of a bisphosphonate dosed once weekly","volume":"56","author":"Baran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6693.233","article-title":"Local bone mineral response to brief exercise that stresses the skeleton","volume":"299","author":"Beverly","year":"1989","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00137-7","article-title":"Prediction of upper extremity impact forces during falls on the outstretched hand","volume":"31","author":"Chiu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00086-9","article-title":"Effect of elbow flexion on upper extremity impact forces during a fall","volume":"16","author":"Chou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib1","unstructured":"Colles\u2019 Frx, 2006. Wheeless\u2019 Textbook of Orthopaedics. Duke University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib9","first-page":"465","article-title":"Bisphosphonate treatment affects trabecular bone apparent modulus through micro-architecture rather than matrix properties","volume":"22","author":"Day","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Reseach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00396-2","article-title":"Biomechanical simulations of forward fall arrests: effects of upper extremity arrest strategy, gender and aging-related declines in muscle strength","volume":"36","author":"DeGoede","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1427702","article-title":"Biomechanical factors affecting the peak hand reaction force during the bimanual arrest of a moving mass","volume":"124","author":"DeGoede","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170152","article-title":"Lifetime and five-year age-specific risks of first and subsequent osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women","volume":"12","author":"Doherty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.11.575","article-title":"Secondary prevention of osteoporosis: when should a non-vertebral fracture be a trigger for action?","volume":"94","author":"Eastell","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib14","first-page":"114","article-title":"Colles\u2019 fracture as an indicator of increased risk of hip fracture. An epidemiological study","volume":"76","author":"Finsen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annales Chirurgiae Gynaecological"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00152-9","article-title":"Prediction of femoral fracture load using finite element models: an examination of stress- and strain-based failure theories","volume":"33","author":"Keyak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(97)00123-1","article-title":"Prediction of femoral fracture load using automated finite element modeling","volume":"31","author":"Keyak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00005-6","article-title":"Biomechanics of fall arrest using the upper extremity: age differences","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00124-4","article-title":"On reducing hand impact force in forward falls: results of a brief intervention in young males","volume":"18","author":"Lo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199001000-00020","article-title":"Mechanical properties of trabecular bone from the proximal femur: a quantitative CT study","volume":"14","author":"Lotz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324485","article-title":"Preventing osteoporotic fractures with bisphosphonates: a review of the efficacy and tolerability","volume":"15","author":"Masud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1380-9","article-title":"Predicting the failure load of the distal radius","volume":"14","author":"Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100170507","article-title":"Effect of local density changes on the failure load of the proximal femur","volume":"17","author":"Oden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2003.08.005","article-title":"Mechanical response of bovine articular cartilage under dynamic unconfined compression loading at physiological stress levels","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00736-6","article-title":"Estimation of distal radius failure load with micro-finite element analysis models based on three-dimensional peripheral quantitative computed tomography images","volume":"30","author":"Pistoia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:7:2:153","article-title":"Image-based micro-finite-element modeling for improved distal radius strength diagnosis: moving from bench to bedside","volume":"7","author":"Pistoia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Densitometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib26","series-title":"Wrist Kinetics During Impact are Affected by Hand Symmetry","author":"Reed-Troy","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100160306","article-title":"Surface stiffness affects impact force during a fall on the outstretched hand","volume":"16","author":"Robinovitch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90006-9","article-title":"Tensile and compressive properties of cancellous bone","volume":"24","author":"Rohl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00028-0","article-title":"Local bone formation by injection of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 contained in polymer carriers","volume":"32","author":"Saito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20968-5","article-title":"Advantages of raloxifene over alendronate or estrogen on nonreproductive and reproductive tissues in the long-term dosing of ovariectomized rats","volume":"279","author":"Sato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090315","article-title":"Estimation of mechanical properties of cortical bone by computed tomography","volume":"9","author":"Snyder","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(04)74375-1","article-title":"Dynamic elastic modulus of porcine articular cartilage determined at two different levels of tissue organization by indentation-type atomic force microscopy","volume":"86","author":"Stolz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophysics Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib33","unstructured":"Troy, K.L., Grabiner, M.D., 2006. Development and validation of a finite element model to simulate Colles\u2019 Fractures. In: 52nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00062-7","article-title":"Load transfer analysis of the distal radius from in-vivo high-resolution CT-imaging","volume":"32","author":"Ulrich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00084-6","article-title":"Load mechanics of the wrist","volume":"13","author":"Viegas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hand Clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050814","article-title":"Relationship between changes in BMD and nonvertebral fracture incidence associated with risedronate: reduction in risk of nonvertebral fracture is not related to change in BMD","volume":"20","author":"Watts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00069-5","article-title":"Critical evaluation of known bone material properties to realize anisotropic FE-simulation of the proximal femur","volume":"33","author":"Wirtz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929007000644?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929007000644?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:58:52Z","timestamp":1758243532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021929007000644"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021929007000644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Off-axis loads cause failure of the distal radius at lower magnitudes than axial loads: A finite element analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biomechanics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.01.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}