{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:54:30Z","timestamp":1791262470453,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 HD053732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD053732"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]],"date-time":"2010-08-03T09:24:08Z","timestamp":1280827448000},"page":"2771-2779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The influence of altering push force effectiveness on upper extremity demand during wheelchair propulsion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jeffery W.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Kwarciak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Mark Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Neptune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200202000-00004","article-title":"Biomechanics of manual wheelchair propulsion in elderly: system tilt and back recline angles","volume":"81","author":"Aissaoui","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2005.11753840","article-title":"Biomechanics and strength of manual wheelchair users","volume":"28","author":"Ambrosio","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90082-5","article-title":"Wheelchair pushrim kinetics: body weight and median nerve function","volume":"80","author":"Boninger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199709000-00013","article-title":"Three-dimensional pushrim forces during two speeds of wheelchair propulsion","volume":"76","author":"Boninger","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.32455","article-title":"Propulsion patterns and pushrim biomechanics in manual wheelchair propulsion","volume":"83","author":"Boninger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.09.003","article-title":"Is effective force application in handrim wheelchair propulsion also efficient?","volume":"24","author":"Bregman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib7","series-title":"Weight, Volume, and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body","author":"Clauser","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199805000-00006","article-title":"Effectiveness of force application in manual wheelchair propulsion in persons with spinal cord injuries","volume":"77","author":"Dallmeijer","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90310-1","article-title":"A dynamic optimization technique for predicting muscle forces in the swing phase of gait","volume":"20","author":"Davy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00065-1","article-title":"A three-dimensional regression model of the shoulder rhythm","volume":"16","author":"de Groot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200205000-00005","article-title":"Wheelchair propulsion technique and mechanical efficiency after 3 weeks of practice","volume":"34","author":"de Groot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(02)00005-0","article-title":"Consequence of feedback-based learning of an effective hand rim wheelchair force production on mechanical efficiency","volume":"17","author":"de Groot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000133437.58810.C6","article-title":"Effect of wheelchair stroke pattern on mechanical efficiency","volume":"83","author":"de Groot","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.918462","article-title":"The effect of resultant force at the pushrim on shoulder kinetics during manual wheelchair propulsion: a simulation study","volume":"55","author":"Desroches","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.10.040","article-title":"Relationship between resultant force at the pushrim and the net shoulder joint moments during manual wheelchair propulsion in elderly persons","volume":"89","author":"Desroches","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00222899709603467","article-title":"On the effectiveness of force application in guided leg movements","volume":"29","author":"Doorenbosch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Motor Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.03.0385","article-title":"The biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion in individuals with and without upper-limb impairment","volume":"41","author":"Finley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2003.02.0022","article-title":"Prevalence and identification of shoulder pathology in athletic and nonathletic wheelchair users with shoulder pain: A pilot study","volume":"41","author":"Finley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(94)90038-8","article-title":"Global optimization of statistical functions with simulated annealing","volume":"60","author":"Goffe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S395","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-200605001-01672","article-title":"The influence of push frequency on force application during steady-state hand-rim wheelchair propulsion","volume":"38","author":"Goosey-Tolfrey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.015","article-title":"Effect of handrim diameter on manual wheelchair propulsion: mechanical energy and power flow analysis","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)00181-3","article-title":"The control of shoulder muscles during goal directed movements, an inverse dynamic analysis","volume":"28","author":"Happee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-3320-7","article-title":"A model of the upper extremity for simulating musculoskeletal surgery and analyzing neuromuscular control","volume":"33","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318043a235","article-title":"Effect of pedaling technique on mechanical effectiveness and efficiency in cyclists","volume":"39","author":"Korff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.12.033","article-title":"The effect of visual biofeedback on the propulsion effectiveness of experienced wheelchair users","volume":"87","author":"Kotajarvi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519409002948","article-title":"Biomechanics of wheelchair propulsion","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1243\/0954411041561027","article-title":"Muscle forces analysis in the shoulder mechanism during wheelchair propulsion","volume":"218","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H-Journal of Engineering in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.12.017","article-title":"Moment arms and musculotendon lengths estimation for a three-dimensional lower-limb model","volume":"37","author":"Menegaldo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.04.010","article-title":"Shoulder joint kinetics and pathology in manual wheelchair users","volume":"21","author":"Mercer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.08.090","article-title":"Effects of spinal cord injury level on the activity of shoulder muscles during wheelchair propulsion: an electromyographic study","volume":"85","author":"Mulroy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2005.11753815","article-title":"Effect of fore-aft seat position on shoulder demands during wheelchair propulsion: part 1. A kinetic analysis","volume":"28","author":"Mulroy","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00105-1","article-title":"Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking","volume":"34","author":"Neptune","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.01.016","article-title":"Upper-limb joint power and its distribution in spinal cord injured wheelchair users: steady-state self-selected speed versus maximal acceleration trials","volume":"88","author":"Price","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)00188-1","article-title":"Muscle coordination of maximum-speed pedaling","volume":"30","author":"Raasch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2004.06.0074","article-title":"Low-impact wheelchair propulsion: achievable and acceptable","volume":"42","author":"Richter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90270-1","article-title":"Pushrim forces and joint kinetics during wheelchair propulsion","volume":"77","author":"Robertson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00320-2","article-title":"The push force pattern in manual wheelchair propulsion as a balance between cost and effect","volume":"36","author":"Rozendaal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.10.024","article-title":"A new method to quantify demand on the upper extremity during manual wheelchair propulsion","volume":"85","author":"Sabick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.014","article-title":"Glenohumeral contact forces and muscle forces evaluated in wheelchair-related activities of daily living in able-bodied subjects versus subjects with paraplegia and tetraplegia","volume":"86","author":"van Drongelen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib40","series-title":"Biomedical Aspects of Manual Wheelchair Propulsion: The State of the Art II","first-page":"86","article-title":"Biomechanics of manual wheelchair propulsion","author":"Veeger","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199110000-00015","article-title":"Peak oxygen uptake and maximal power output of Olympic wheelchair-dependent athletes","volume":"23","author":"Veeger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(02)00008-6","article-title":"Load on the shoulder in low intensity wheelchair propulsion","volume":"17","author":"Veeger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90249-7","article-title":"Estimated mechanical properties of synergistic muscles involved in movements of a variety of human joints","volume":"21","author":"Winters","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020_bib44","first-page":"359","article-title":"Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control","volume":"17","author":"Zajac","year":"1989","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929010003568?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929010003568?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T03:28:03Z","timestamp":1544326083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021929010003568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021929010003568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}}}