{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:21:31Z","timestamp":1792660891120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/14\/39\/30874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/14\/39\/30874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["095747\/Z\/11\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["095747\/Z\/11\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T02:37:06Z","timestamp":1464748626000},"page":"2635-2643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Physiological vortices in the sinuses of Valsalva: An in vitro approach for bio-prosthetic valves"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Toninato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Maria","family":"Susin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ducci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Burriesci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/217086b0","article-title":"Mechanism of closure of the aortic valve","volume":"217","author":"Bellhouse","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112069001406","article-title":"Fluid mechanics of the aortic valve","volume":"35","author":"Bellhouse","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib3","series-title":"The Mechanics of Circulation","author":"Caro","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2008.05099.x","article-title":"Fluid mechanics of artificial heart valves","volume":"36","author":"Dasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-16-9","article-title":"Observational study of regional aortic size referenced to body size: production of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance nomogram","volume":"16","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib6","first-page":"688","article-title":"Hemodynamics in the Valsalva sinuses after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)","volume":"22","author":"Ducci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.10.042","article-title":"Flow patterns in the aortic root and the aorta studied with time-resolved, 3-dimensional, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: Implications for aortic valve-sparing surgery","volume":"127","author":"Escobar Kvitting","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5963\/LSMR0303002","article-title":"Influence of vortices in the sinus of valsalva on local wall shear stress distribution","volume":"3","author":"Fukui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Sci. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MAT.0000159384.36271.2C","article-title":"Three-dimensional numeric simulation of flow through an aortic bileaflet valve in a realistic model of aortic root","volume":"51","author":"Grigioni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib11","series-title":"Numerical Analysis of a Three-Leaflet Aortic Valve Prosthesis","author":"de Hart","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(02)00244-0","article-title":"A three-dimensional computational analysis of fluid-structure interaction in the aortic valve","volume":"36","author":"de Hart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib13","article-title":"Cardiovascular implants \u2013 cardiac valve prostheses","author":"ISO 5840","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Stand. Org."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.05.054","article-title":"The sinus of Valsalva relieves abnormal stress on aortic valve leaflets by facilitating smooth closure","volume":"136","author":"Katayama","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.28.324.521","article-title":"Leonardo da vinci as physiologist","author":"Keele","year":"1952","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.06.016","article-title":"Numerical simulation of cardiovascular dynamics with healthy and diseased heart valves","volume":"39","author":"Korakianitis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-2498-z","article-title":"A comparison of flow field structures of two tri-leaflet polymeric heart valves","volume":"33","author":"Leo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9117-5","article-title":"Fluid dynamic assessment of three polymeric heart valves using particle image velocimetry","volume":"34","author":"Leo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02738541","article-title":"Steady flow velocity field and turbulent stress mappings downstream of a porcine bioprosthetic aortic valve in vitro","volume":"25","author":"Lim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00026-8","article-title":"Steady flow dynamics of prosthetic aortic heart valves: a comparative evaluation with PIV techniques","volume":"31","author":"Lim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00132-4","article-title":"Pulsatile flow studies of a porcine bioprosthetic aortic valve in vitro: PIV measurements and shear-induced blood damage","volume":"34","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-13-7","article-title":"Comprehensive 4D velocity mapping of the heart and great vessels by cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"13","author":"Markl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.08.056","article-title":"Time-resolved three-dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping of aortic flow in healthy volunteers and patients after valve-sparing aortic root replacement","volume":"130","author":"Markl","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-014-1770-0","article-title":"Spatiotemporal complexity of the aortic sinus vortex","volume":"55","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Fluids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.67.2.448","article-title":"An in vitro study of the onset of turbulence in the sinus of Valsalva","volume":"67","author":"Peacock","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.14.010182.001315","article-title":"The fluid dynamics of heart valves: experimental, theoretical, and computational methods","volume":"14","author":"Peskin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.03.060","article-title":"Role of the sinuses of Valsalva on the opening of the aortic valve","volume":"145","author":"Pisani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2005.121483","article-title":"Computational simulations of the aortic valve validated by imaging data evaluation of valve-sparing techniques","volume":"5","author":"Ranga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90351-3","article-title":"The geometry of the aortic root in health, at valve disease and after valve replacement","volume":"23","author":"Reul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(91)91371-2","article-title":"Leonardo da Vinci and the sinuses of Valsalva","volume":"52","author":"Robicsek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib31","series-title":"Biofluid Mechanics: an Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Macrocirculation, and Microcirculation","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-012-0527-2","article-title":"In vitro characterization of bicuspid aortic valve hemodynamics using particle image velocimetry","volume":"40","author":"Saikrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib33","first-page":"380","article-title":"The role of the sinuses of Valsalva in aortic root flow dynamics and aortic root surgery: evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"18","author":"Schoenhoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-11-28","article-title":"Comparative measurement of aortic root by transthoracic echocardiography in normal Korean population based on two different guidelines","volume":"11","author":"Son","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ultrasound"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.32.1.42","article-title":"Aortic valve leaflet motion during systole. Numerical-graphical determination","volume":"32","author":"Swanson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib36","series-title":"The Aortic Valve","author":"Thubrikar","year":"1990"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib37","first-page":"795","article-title":"The design of the normal aortic valve","volume":"241","author":"Thubrikar","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. Physiol. Soc.: Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112079002068","article-title":"Model studies of the closing behaviour of the aortic valve","volume":"90","author":"van Steenhoven","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(82)90012-4","article-title":"The effect of some hemodynamic factors on the behaviour of the aortic valve","volume":"15","author":"van Steenhoven","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.06.028","article-title":"Normal values of aortic root dimensions in healthy adults","volume":"114","author":"Vriz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib41","series-title":"Tissue Heart Valves","first-page":"29","article-title":"Hydrodynamic evaluation of tissue valves","author":"Wright","year":"1979"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199807000-00013","article-title":"Vortical flow feature recognition\u202f: a topological study of in vivo flow patterns using mr velocity mapping","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-011-0301-7","article-title":"Experimental measurement of dynamic fluid shear stress on the aortic surface of the aortic valve leaflet","volume":"11","author":"Yap","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929016306194?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929016306194?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T23:42:58Z","timestamp":1572478978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021929016306194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021929016306194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physiological vortices in the sinuses of Valsalva: An in vitro approach for bio-prosthetic valves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biomechanics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.05.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}