{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:46:46Z","timestamp":1791355606255,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522368000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":363,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-10-1-1043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-10-1-1043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AR059270-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AR059270-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006663","name":"Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H133N110010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H133N110010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T19:18:05Z","timestamp":1486149485000},"page":"11-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anthropometric and biomechanical characteristics of body segments in persons with spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.R.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.G.","family":"Tsantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.L.","family":"Troy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772313Y.0000000151","article-title":"Body composition of women and men with complete motor paraplegia","volume":"37","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Spinal cord Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101744","article-title":"A review of body mass index and waist circumference as markers of obesity and coronary heart disease risk in persons with chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"43","author":"Buchholz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spinal cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.10.015","article-title":"The effect of obesity and gender on body segment parameters in older adults","volume":"25","author":"Chambers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00178-6","article-title":"Adjustments to Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov's segment inertia parameters","volume":"29","author":"de Leva","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0025","first-page":"55","article-title":"Space requirements of the seated operator: geometrical, kinematic, and mechanical aspects of the body, with special reference to the limbs","author":"Dempster","year":"1955","journal-title":"WADC Tech. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1590359","article-title":"Analysis of body segment parameter differences between four human populations and the estimation errors of four popular mathematical models","volume":"125","author":"Durkin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.02.002","article-title":"Assessment of measures for abdominal adiposity in persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"Emmons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(03)00038-9","article-title":"Anthropometric parameters in children: a comparison of values obtained from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and cadaver-based estimates","volume":"19","author":"Ganley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2006.11753898","article-title":"Bone loss and muscle atrophy in spinal cord injury: epidemiology, fracture prediction, and rehabilitation strategies","volume":"29","author":"Giangregorio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Spinal cord Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101774","article-title":"Body weight supported treadmill training in acute spinal cord injury: impact on muscle and bone","volume":"43","author":"Giangregorio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spinal cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.10.002","article-title":"The effect of direct measurement versus cadaver estimates of anthropometry in the calculation of joint moments during above-knee prosthetic gait in pediatrics","volume":"41","author":"Goldberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.08.607","article-title":"Intra-rater reliability of ultrasound imaging of wrist extensor muscles in patients with tetraplegia","volume":"6","author":"Gorgey","year":"2014","journal-title":"PM & R: J. Injury Funct. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.07.395","article-title":"Bone mass in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: associations with activity-based therapy, neurologic and functional status, a retrospective study","volume":"95","author":"Hammond","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90012-6","article-title":"Body segment mass, radius and radius of gyration proportions of children","volume":"19","author":"Jensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00036-7","article-title":"Gait characteristics of patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"34","author":"Kaufman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.19","article-title":"Effects of cycling and\/or electrical stimulation on bone mineral density in children with spinal cord injury","volume":"49","author":"Lauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spinal cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.33","article-title":"Lowering body mass index cutoffs better identifies obese persons with spinal cord injury","volume":"47","author":"Laughton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spinal cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(00)00046-2","article-title":"Female and male trunk geometry: size and prediction of the spine loading trunk muscles derived from MRI","volume":"16","author":"Marras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.08.026","article-title":"Changes in body segment inertial parameters of obese individuals with weight loss","volume":"41","author":"Matrangola","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0671-6","article-title":"Osteoporotic fractures and hospitalization risk in chronic spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteopor. Int.: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.03.002","article-title":"Changes in segmental inertial properties with age","volume":"41","author":"Muri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0115","first-page":"659","article-title":"Spinal cord injury facts and figures at a glance","volume":"37","author":"National SCI Statistical Center","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Spinal cord Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panisset, M.G., Galea, M.P., El-Ansary, D., 2015. Does early exercise attenuate muscle atrophy or bone loss after spinal cord injury? Spinal cord.","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.150"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.04.026","article-title":"Sarcopenic obesity in adults with chronic spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study","author":"Pelletier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.04.014","article-title":"Influence of body segments' parameters estimation models on inverse dynamics solutions during gait","volume":"39","author":"Rao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0135","first-page":"335","article-title":"Obesity predictors in people with chronic spinal cord injury: an analysis by injury related variables","volume":"16","author":"Sabour","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci.: the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spungen, A.M., Adkins, R.H., Stewart, C.A., Wang, J., Pierson, R.N., Jr., Waters, R.L., Bauman, W.A., 2003. Factors influencing body composition in persons with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study. J. Appl. Physiol. 95, 2398\u20132407 (1985).","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00729.2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0145","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and osteoporosis: causes, mechanisms, and rehabilitation strategies","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0150","first-page":"674","article-title":"Longitudinal study of the bone mineral content and of soft tissue composition after spinal cord section","volume":"33","author":"Wilmet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0155","series-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"Winter","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20199","article-title":"Body mass index underestimates adiposity in women with spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Yarar-Fisher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929017300556?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929017300556?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T01:15:58Z","timestamp":1758244558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021929017300556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0021929017300556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anthropometric and biomechanical characteristics of body segments in persons with spinal cord injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biomechanics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.01.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}