{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:42:39Z","timestamp":1774662159744,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR064216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR064216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AR050950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AR050950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AR007132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AR007132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1TR000138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR000138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSF GRFP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jbiomech.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,5]],"date-time":"2017-03-05T06:46:00Z","timestamp":1488696360000},"page":"55-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mechanical, histological, and functional properties remain inferior in conservatively treated Achilles tendons in rodents: Long term evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Benjamin R.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George W.","family":"Fryhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabeel S.","family":"Salka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harina A.","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cody D.","family":"Hillin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Nuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"Soslowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.03.2015.02","article-title":"Substantial creep in healing human Achilles tendons. A pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Aspenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.11.018","article-title":"Nonoperative, dynamic treatment of acute achilles tendon rupture: influence of early weightbearing on biomechanical properties of the plantar flexor muscle-tendon complex-a blinded, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Barfod","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12533","article-title":"Recovery of calf muscle endurance 3 months after an Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"26","author":"Brorsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201008000-00007","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"18","author":"Chiodo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2016.31.1.31","article-title":"In Vivo rodent models of skeletal muscle adaptation to decreased use","volume":"31","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515623501","article-title":"Prospective use of a standardized nonoperative early weightbearing protocol for Achilles tendon rupture: 17 years of experience","volume":"44","author":"Ecker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0035","series-title":"Scarless Healing in the Fetus: Implications and Strategies for Postnatal Tendon Repair","author":"Favata","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.04.015","article-title":"The (dys)functional extracellular matrix","volume":"1853","author":"Freedman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Acta."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23253","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment and early return to activity leads to improved Achilles tendon fatigue mechanics and functional outcomes during early healing in an animal model","author":"Freedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.32098\/mltj.02.2014.27","article-title":"The Achilles tendon: fundamental properties and mechanisms governing healing","volume":"4","author":"Freedman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscles Ligaments Tendons J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman, B.R., Salka, N.S., Morris, T.R., Bhatt, P.R., Pardes, A.M., Gordon, J.A., Nuss, C.A., Riggin, C.N., Fryhofer, G.W., Farber, D.C., Soslowsky, L.J., 2017. Temporal healing of Achilles tendons following injury depends on surgical treatment and return to activity time. JAAOS [epub].","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-16-00620"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.10.054","volume":"47","author":"Freedman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22875","article-title":"Evaluating changes in tendon crimp with fatigue loading as an ex vivo structural assessment of tendon damage","volume":"33","author":"Freedman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00620.2016","article-title":"Post-injury biomechanics of Achilles tendon vary by sex and hormone status","author":"Fryhofer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol., 1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00620.2016","article-title":"Postinjury biomechanics of Achilles tendon vary by sex and hormone status","volume":"121","author":"Fryhofer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol., 1985"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.058","article-title":"Achilles tendons from decorin- and biglycan-null mouse models have inferior mechanical and structural properties predicted by an image-based empirical damage model","volume":"48","author":"Gordon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700302","article-title":"Long-term results after functional nonoperative treatment of achilles tendon rupture","volume":"27","author":"Hufner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514540599","article-title":"Acute achilles tendon ruptures: incidence of injury and surgery in Sweden between 2001 and 2012","volume":"42","author":"Huttunen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2009.05.010","article-title":"Functional management of Achilles tendon rupture: a viable option for non-operative management","volume":"16","author":"Karkhanis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515591267","article-title":"Early functional treatment versus cast immobilization in tension after achilles rupture repair: results of a prospective randomized trial with 10 or more years of follow-up","volume":"43","author":"Lantto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310051001","article-title":"Early weightbearing and ankle mobilization after open repair of acute midsubstance tears of the achilles tendon","volume":"31","author":"Maffulli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22381","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of the plantar flexor muscle-tendon complex 6 months post-rupture of the Achilles tendon","volume":"31","author":"McNair","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640009348338","article-title":"Recovery of calf muscle strength following acute achilles tendon rupture treatment: a comparison between minimally invasive surgery and conservative treatment","volume":"2","author":"Metz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1511-3","article-title":"Major functional deficits persist 2 years after acute Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"19","author":"Olsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0125","article-title":"Males have inferior Achilles tendon material properties compared to females in a rodent model","author":"Pardes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.21","article-title":"Signaling mechanisms in skeletal muscle: acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise","volume":"60","author":"Rockl","year":"2008","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2726-2","article-title":"Long-term biomechanical outcomes after Achilles tendon ruptures","volume":"23","author":"Rosso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0658-3","article-title":"Nucleostemin- and Oct 3\/4-positive stem\/progenitor cells exhibit disparate anatomical and temporal expression during rat Achilles tendon healing","volume":"16","author":"Runesson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01154.x","article-title":"Early E-modulus of healing Achilles tendons correlates with late function: similar results with or without surgery","volume":"22","author":"Schepull","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-4-21","article-title":"SMASH \u2013 semi-automatic muscle analysis using segmentation of histology: a MATLAB application","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2512-1","article-title":"Compensatory muscle activation caused by tendon lengthening post-Achilles tendon rupture","volume":"23","author":"Suydam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113504734","article-title":"Three-dimensional gait analysis following achilles tendon rupture with nonsurgical treatment reveals long-term deficiencies in muscle strength and function","volume":"1","author":"Tengman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00248","article-title":"Weight-bearing in the nonoperative treatment of acute achilles tendon ruptures: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929017301318?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929017301318?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T09:20:47Z","timestamp":1568884847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021929017301318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0021929017301318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanical, histological, and functional properties remain inferior in conservatively treated Achilles tendons in rodents: Long term evaluation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biomechanics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}