{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:38:22Z","timestamp":1790185102542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":379,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T11:24:47Z","timestamp":1566213887000},"page":"109316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trunk-Pelvis motions and spinal loads during upslope and downslope walking among persons with transfemoral amputation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Julian C.","family":"Acasio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Shojaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajit","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Dearth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-4340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak","family":"Bazrgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad D.","family":"Hendershot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00115-8","article-title":"The influence of low back pain on muscle activity and coordination during gait: a clinical and experimetnal study","volume":"64","author":"Arendt-Nielson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.06.016","article-title":"Optimal markers' placement on the thorax for clinical gait analysis","volume":"39","author":"Armand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Post."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0240-7","article-title":"Analysis of squat and stoop dynamic liftings: muscle forces and internal spinal oads","volume":"16","author":"Bazrgari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.06.026","article-title":"Seated whole body vibrations with high-magnitude accelerations - relative roles of inertia and muscle forces","volume":"41","author":"Bazrgari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.08.010","article-title":"Computation of trunk equilibrium and stability in free flexion-extension movements at different velocities","volume":"41","author":"Bazrgari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101862","article-title":"Cumulative mechanical low-back load at work is a determinant of low-back pain","volume":"71","author":"Coenen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(00)00035-8","article-title":"The effects of motion on trunk biomechanics","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00178-6","article-title":"Adjustments to Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov's segment inertia parameters","volume":"29","author":"de Leva","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.946158","article-title":"Perceptions of low back pain in people with lower limb amputation: a focus group study","volume":"37","author":"Devan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21962","article-title":"Back pain as a secondary disability in persons with lower limb amputations","volume":"82","author":"Ehde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840902896018","article-title":"A novel approach to evaluate abdominal coactivities for optimal spinal stability and compression force in lifting","volume":"12","author":"El Quaaid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Meth. Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0060","first-page":"438","article-title":"Pelvic and spinal motion during walking in persons with transfemoral amputation with and without low back pain","volume":"95","author":"Fatone","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJPMR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.136","article-title":"Three-dimensional motions of trunk and pelvis during transfemoral amputee gait","volume":"89","author":"Goujon-Pillet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.11.026","article-title":"Walking speed differentially alters spinal loads in persons with traumatic lower limb amputation","volume":"70","author":"Hendershot","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2013.12.005","article-title":"Three-dimensional joint reaction forces and moments at the low back during over-ground walking in persons with unilateral lower-extremity amputation","volume":"29","author":"Hendershot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450071","DOI":"10.4015\/S1016237214500719","article-title":"Biomechanical strategies and the loads in the lower limbs during downhill walking with different inclination angles","volume":"26","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr819oa","article-title":"Chornic low back pain in traumatic lower limb amputees","volume":"19","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130120716","article-title":"Theories of musculoskeletal injury causation","volume":"44","author":"Kumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.05.005","article-title":"The effects of sloped surfaces on locomotion: a kinematic and kinetic analysis","volume":"39","author":"Lay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00181-3","article-title":"Postural adaption to walking on inclined surfaces: I normal strategies","volume":"15","author":"Leroux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gait Post."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0105","first-page":"295","article-title":"Trunk flexion strategy and the loads in the lower limbs when walking up surfaces of different slopes","volume":"24","author":"Leu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng.: Appl. Basis Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.07.025","article-title":"Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway","volume":"39","author":"McIntosh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgenroth, D.C., Orendurff, M.S., Shakir, A., A., S., Shofer, J., Czerniecki, J.M., 2010. The relationship between lumbar spine kinematics during gait and low-back pain in transfemoral amputees. AJPMR 89, 635-643.","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181e71d90"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.04.043","article-title":"Kinetic differences between level walking and ramp descent in individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputation using a prosthetic knee without a stance control mechanism","volume":"63","author":"Okita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Post."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02667349","article-title":"Segmental inertial parameters of the human trunk as determined from computed tomography","volume":"24","author":"Pearsall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.07.019","article-title":"The relationship between pelvis-trunk coordination and low back pain in individuals with transfemoral amputations","volume":"40","author":"Russell Esposito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Post."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0779-0","article-title":"Spinal muscle forces, internal loads and stability in standingunder various postures and loads - application of kinematics-based algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Shirazi-Adl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0140","article-title":"An optimization-based method for prediction of lumbar spine segmental kinematics from the measurements of thorax and pelvic kinematics. Int J Numer Method","volume":"31","author":"Shojaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.09.024","article-title":"A model-based approach for estimation of changes in lumbar segmental kinematics associated with alterations in trunk muscle forces","volume":"70","author":"Shojaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.02.021","article-title":"Trunk muscle forces and spinal loads in persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit activities","volume":"63","author":"Shojaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.11.018","article-title":"Persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation experience larger spinal loads during level-ground walking compared to able-bodied individuals","volume":"32","author":"Shojaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, D.G., Ehde, D.M., M.W., L., Reiber, G.E., del Aguila, M., Boone, D.A., 1999. Phantom limb, residual limb, and back pain after lower extremity amputations. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 361, 29-38.","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181a10241","article-title":"Quality of life among veterans with war-related unilateral lower extermity amputation: a long-term survey in a prosthesis center in Iran","volume":"23","author":"Taghipour","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.03.022","article-title":"Evolution of vaulting strategy during locomotion of individuals with transfemoral amputation on slopes and cross-slopes compared to level walking","volume":"30","author":"Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.12.006","article-title":"Uphill and downhill walking in unilateral lower limb amputees","volume":"28","author":"Vrieling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Post."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316_b0180","series-title":"Biomechanics","first-page":"1152","article-title":"The mass and inertia characteristics of the main segments of the human body","author":"Zatsiorsky","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929019305287?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021929019305287?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T01:22:05Z","timestamp":1758244925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021929019305287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0021929019305287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9290","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trunk-Pelvis motions and spinal loads during upslope and downslope walking among persons with transfemoral amputation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biomechanics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109316","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109316"}}