{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:34:44Z","timestamp":1791354884951,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Joint Bone Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T01:20:04Z","timestamp":1396401604000},"page":"313-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Bone marrow fat"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Hardouin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Pansini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Cortet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050547","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of normal bone marrow","volume":"8","author":"Vande Berg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.217.2.r00nv20527","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of osteopenia with quantitative MR imaging and bone densitometry","volume":"217","author":"Wehrli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.35","article-title":"MRI-measured pelvic bone marrow adipose tissue is inversely related to DXA-measured bone mineral in younger and older adults","volume":"66","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0020","first-page":"S241","article-title":"The metabolic nature of marrow fat: insulin signaling. CREB phosphorylation and the \u00ab\u00a0adiponectin paradox\u00a0\u00bb","author":"Scheller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197110000-00021","article-title":"Osteoporosis and the replacement of cell populations of the marrow by adipose tissue. A quantitative study of 84 iliac bone biopsies","volume":"80","author":"Meunier","year":"1971","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011513223894","article-title":"Adipocyte tissue volume in bone marrow is increased with aging and in patients with osteoporosis","volume":"2","author":"Justesen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.9.693","article-title":"Adipocytic proportion of bone marrow is inversely related to bone formation in osteoporosis","volume":"55","author":"Verma","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1309\/2Y7X-YDXK-006B-XLT2","article-title":"Bone marrow changes in anorexia nervosa are correlated with the amount of weight loss and not with other clinical findings","volume":"118","author":"Abella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1477","article-title":"Increased marrow adiposity in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis","volume":"97","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2691","article-title":"Reciprocal relation between marrow adiposity and the amount of bone in the axial and appendicular skeleton of young adults","volume":"93","author":"Di Iorgi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.6.01831761","article-title":"Bone marrow fat and bone mineral density on proton MR spectroscopy and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: their ratio as a new indicator of bone weakening","volume":"183","author":"Schellinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22489","article-title":"Quantification of vertebral bone marrow fat content using 3 Tesla MR spectroscopy: reproducibility, vertebral variation, and applications in osteoporosis","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24176","article-title":"3 Tesla (1) H MR spectroscopy of hip bone marrow in a healthy population, assessment of normal fat value and influence of age and sex","volume":"39","author":"Pansini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0070","first-page":"1620","article-title":"Potential value of vertebral proton MR spectroscopy in determining bone weakness","volume":"22","author":"Schellinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.02.022","article-title":"A study of bone marrow and subcutaneous fatty acid composition in subjects of varying bone mineral density","volume":"44","author":"Griffith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2605","article-title":"Relationship between MRI-measured bone marrow adipose tissue and hip and spine bone mineral density in African-American and Caucasian participants: the CARDIA study","volume":"97","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2336","article-title":"Bone acquisition in healthy young females is reciprocally related to marrow adiposity","volume":"95","author":"Di Iorgi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090805","article-title":"Bone marrow changes in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa","volume":"25","author":"Ecklund","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-212","article-title":"Characterization of age-related gene expression profiling in bone marrow and epididymal adipocytes","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2013.02.005","article-title":"Molecular and functional characterization of human bone marrow adipocytes","volume":"41","author":"Poloni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0105","first-page":"634","article-title":"Inflammatory\/haematopoietic cytokine production by human bone marrow adipocytes","volume":"11","author":"Laharrague","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.06.032","article-title":"Marrow fat metabolism is linked to the systemic energy metabolism","volume":"50","author":"Lecka-Czernik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.01.009","article-title":"Dexamethasone-induced lipolysis increases the adverse effect of adipocytes on osteoblasts using cells derived from human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143","article-title":"Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"284","author":"Pittenger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.06.016","article-title":"Determinants of bone marrow adiposity: The modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b32 activity as a central mechanism","volume":"56","author":"Sadie-Van Gijsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0130","first-page":"S453","article-title":"Bone marrow adipocytes and bone aging","volume":"24","author":"Marie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9807-6","article-title":"Adipocytes and the Regulation of Bone Remodeling: A Balancing Act","volume":"94","author":"Nuttall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.11.020","article-title":"Leptin deficiency produces contrasting phenotypes in bones of the limb and spine","volume":"34","author":"Hamrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0070","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: is osteoporosis the obesity of bone?","volume":"2","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3634","article-title":"Marrow fat and bone\u00a0\u2013\u00a0new perspectives","volume":"98","author":"Fazeli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.06.016","article-title":"Bone marrow fat has brown adipose tissue characteristics, which are attenuated with aging and diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Krings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.04.010","article-title":"Implication of fatty acids in the inhibitory effect of human adipocytes on osteoblastic differentiation","volume":"55","author":"Lucas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2010.04.004","article-title":"Human osteoblasts derived from mesenchymal stem cells express adipogenic markers upon coculture with bone marrow adipocytes","volume":"80","author":"Clabaut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090802","article-title":"Concentration of adipogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bone marrow supernatant fluid of osteoporotic women","volume":"25","author":"Pino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.09.005","article-title":"Primary human bone marrow adipocytes support TNF-\u03b1-induced osteoclast differentiation and function through RANKL expression","volume":"56","author":"Goto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-009-9221-7","article-title":"Effect of estrogens on bone marrow adipogenesis and Sirt1 in aging C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"10","author":"Elbaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2413051858","article-title":"Vertebral marrow fat content and diffusion and perfusion indexes in women with varying bone density: MR evaluation","volume":"241","author":"Griffith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0574-6","article-title":"Effects of estrogen therapy on bone marrow adipocytes in postmenopausal osteoporotic women","volume":"19","author":"Syed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1152","article-title":"Preadipocyte factor-1 is associated with marrow adiposity and bone mineral density in women with anorexia nervosa","volume":"95","author":"Fazeli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.82","article-title":"Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice","volume":"25","author":"Devlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0205","first-page":"S 342","article-title":"Leptin blunts the starvation-induced increase in bone marow adiposity","author":"Devlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-1042-x","article-title":"Bone marrow MR imaging findings in disuse osteoporosis","volume":"40","author":"De Abreu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3748","article-title":"Differential effects of exercise on tibial shaft marrow density in young female athletes","volume":"98","author":"Rantalainen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2006.01.009","article-title":"Correlation between baseline femoral neck marrow status and the development of femoral head osteonecrosis in corticosteroid-treated patients: a longitudinal study by MR imaging","volume":"58","author":"Vande Berg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2011.11.001","article-title":"Human bone marrow adiposity is linked with serum lipid levels not T1-diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Slade","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.04.004","article-title":"Fullerol nanoparticles suppress inflammatory response and adipogenesis of vertebral bone marrow stromal cells-a potential novel treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08099","article-title":"Bone marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic microenvironment","volume":"460","author":"Naveiras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2008-0068","article-title":"Human bone marrow adipocytes block granulopoiesis through neuropilin-1-induced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor inhibition","volume":"26","author":"Belaid-Choucair","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayt Ohio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/298675","article-title":"Comparison among T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, modified dixon method, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in measuring bone marrow fat","volume":"2013","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.087957","article-title":"MRI measurement of bone marrow cellularity for radiation dosimetry","volume":"52","author":"Pichardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1950","article-title":"Bone marrow fat composition as a novel imaging biomarker in postmenopausal women with prevalent fragility fractures","volume":"28","author":"Patsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-2054-6","article-title":"Prediction of bone loss in elderly female subjects by MR perfusion imaging and spectroscopy","volume":"21","author":"Griffith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3949","article-title":"Vertebral bone marrow fat associated with lower trabecular BMD and prevalent vertebral fracture in older adults","volume":"98","author":"Schwartz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080486","article-title":"Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Loke","year":"2009","journal-title":"CMAJ Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1147-x","article-title":"MRI signal changes of the bone marrow in HIV-infected patients with lipodystrophy: correlation with clinical parameters","volume":"40","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0280","first-page":"205","article-title":"Regulatory pathways associated with bone loss and bone marrow adiposity caused by aging, chemotherapy, glucocorticoid therapy and radiotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Georgiou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1353-8","article-title":"Effects of risedronate on bone marrow adipocytes in postmenopausal women","volume":"22","author":"Duque","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int J Establ Result Coop Eur Found Osteoporos Natl Osteoporos Found USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1782","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of PPAR\u03b3 increases osteoblastogenesis and bone mass in male C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"28","author":"Duque","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68049","article-title":"FOXOs attenuate bone formation by suppressing Wnt signaling","volume":"123","author":"Iyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.460","article-title":"Resveratrol promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by upregulating RUNX2 gene expression via the SIRT1\/FOXO3A axis","volume":"26","author":"Tseng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["Joint Bone Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1297319X14000578?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1297319X14000578?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T02:22:00Z","timestamp":1538706120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1297319X14000578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1297319X14000578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2014.02.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1297-319X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1297-319X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}}}