{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:47:51Z","timestamp":1789012071781,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":205,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Joint Bone Spine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T12:06:28Z","timestamp":1622462788000},"page":"105232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The challenge of differentiating fibromyalgia from small-fiber neuropathy in clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Bailly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-003-0035-z","article-title":"Epidemiology of fibromyalgia","volume":"7","author":"Neumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38905","article-title":"The prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general population: a comparison of the American College of Rheumatology 1990, 2010, and modified 2010 classification criteria","volume":"67","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000311","article-title":"What is the meaning of \u201csmall fiber neuropathy\u201d in fibromyalgia?","volume":"156","author":"Clauw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.98","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: from pathophysiology to therapy","volume":"7","author":"Schmidt-Wilcke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202003030","article-title":"Fibromyalgia","volume":"172","author":"Bair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001819","article-title":"A review of the incidence and risk factors for fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain in population-based studies","volume":"161","author":"Creed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e590","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000590","article-title":"Reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density after a sustained increase in insular glutamate: a proof-of-concept study examining the pathogenesis of small fiber pathology in fibromyalgia","volume":"2","author":"Harte","year":"2017","journal-title":"PAIN Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e633","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000633","article-title":"Specific symptoms may discriminate between fibromyalgia patients with vs without objective test evidence of small-fiber polyneuropathy","volume":"3","author":"Lodahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000526","article-title":"What is the meaning of \u201csmall-fiber polyneuropathy\u201d in fibromyalgia? An alternate answer","volume":"157","author":"Oaklander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25565","article-title":"Reduction of skin innervation is associated with a severe fibromyalgia phenotype","volume":"86","author":"Evdokimov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24065","article-title":"Hyperexcitable C nociceptors in fibromyalgia","volume":"75","author":"Serra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3266","article-title":"Fibromyalgia: a clinical review","volume":"311","author":"Clauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2020.02.005","article-title":"Progress towards improved non-pharmacological management of fibromyalgia","volume":"87","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0355","unstructured":"IASP Terminology 2018. https:\/\/www.iasp-pain.org\/Education\/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Nociplasticpain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0360","first-page":"6","article-title":"Part of pain labelled neuropathic in rheumatic disease might be rather nociplastic","author":"Bailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0365","first-page":"5","article-title":"Potentially traumatic events, post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic stress spectrum in patients with fibromyalgia","author":"Conversano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1059","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of childhood adversities and post-traumatic stress disorder in women with fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain","volume":"21","author":"Coppens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.034","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in fibromyalgia syndrome: Prevalence, temporal relationship between posttraumatic stress and fibromyalgia symptoms, and impact on clinical outcome","volume":"154","author":"H\u00e4user","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012","article-title":"2016 Revisions to the 2010\/2011 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria","volume":"46","author":"Wolfe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30329-0","article-title":"The diagnostic challenge of small fibre neuropathy: clinical presentations, evaluations, and causes","volume":"16","author":"Terkelsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03023.x","volume":"17","author":"Lauria","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0395","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for idiopathic small fiber neuropathy: A systematic review","author":"Haroutounian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000223","article-title":"Low Sensitivity of Skin Biopsy in Diagnosing Small Fiber Neuropathy in Chinese Americans","volume":"20","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22485","article-title":"Gain of function NaV1.7 mutations in idiopathic small fiber neuropathy","volume":"71","author":"Faber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00157.x","article-title":"Skin innervation at different depths correlates with small fibre function but not with pain in neuropathic pain patients","volume":"16","author":"Schley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pain Lond Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.021","article-title":"Epidermal Langerhans cells in small fiber neuropathies","volume":"153","author":"Casanova-Molla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-015-8347-9","article-title":"The Domain II S4-S5 Linker in Nav1.9: A Missense Mutation Enhances Activation, Impairs Fast Inactivation, and Produces Human Painful Neuropathy","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e255","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000255","article-title":"SCN11A Arg225Cys mutation causes nociceptive pain without detectable peripheral nerve pathology","volume":"4","author":"Castoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0430","first-page":"27","article-title":"Idiopathic distal sensory polyneuropathy","author":"Freeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACTTION diagnostic criteria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a8236e","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of small-fiber neuropathy: a survey in the Netherlands","volume":"81","author":"Peters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26648","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of biopsy-proven small fiber neuropathy","volume":"60","author":"MacDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15022","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.22","article-title":"Fibromyalgia","volume":"1","author":"H\u00e4user","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1010103","article-title":"Implications of proposed fibromyalgia criteria across other functional pain syndromes","volume":"44","author":"Egloff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2005","article-title":"Genetic aspects of fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Buskila","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0460","first-page":"941","article-title":"Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) and nonarticular tenderness in relatives of patients with FM","volume":"24","author":"Buskila","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41171","article-title":"Heritability of the Fibromyalgia Phenotype Varies by Age","volume":"72","author":"Dutta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1688977","article-title":"Small Fiber Neuropathy","volume":"39","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0475","first-page":"19","article-title":"Association of small-fiber polyneuropathy with three previously unassociated rare missense SCN9A variants","volume":"4","author":"Kelley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Pain Rev Can Douleur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105153","article-title":"Neuropathic pain and symptoms of potential small-fiber neuropathy in fibromyalgic patients: a national on-line survey","author":"Viceconti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03871-x","article-title":"Small-fiber neuropathy definition, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"40","author":"Basantsova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713847","article-title":"Sudomotor Dysfunction","volume":"40","author":"Cheshire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2008.00180.x","article-title":"The Utah Early Neuropathy Scale: a sensitive clinical scale for early sensory predominant neuropathy","volume":"13","author":"Singleton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2019.02.023","article-title":"Comorbidity between fibromyalgia and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review","volume":"128","author":"Ayouni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.03.034","article-title":"Development and validation of the Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST)","volume":"150","author":"Perrot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.12.014","article-title":"Initial Development and Validation of a Patient-Reported Symptom Survey for Small-Fiber Polyneuropathy","volume":"18","author":"Treister","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.09.014","article-title":"The small fiber neuropathy screening list: Construction and cross-validation in sarcoidosis","volume":"105","author":"Hoitsma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27080","article-title":"Differential involvement of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in painful diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"63","author":"Galosi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz333","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy in clinical practice and research","volume":"142","author":"Devigili","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000413","article-title":"Small fiber neuropathy: a disabling and underrecognized syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Voortman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000573","article-title":"Pain facilitation and pain inhibition during conditioned pain modulation in fibromyalgia and in healthy controls","volume":"157","author":"Potvin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1124-6","article-title":"Variability in conditioned pain modulation predicts response to NSAID treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"17","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0545","unstructured":"Klitsch A, Evdokimov D, Frank J, Thomas D, Saffer N, Meyer zu Altenschildesche C, et al. Reduced association between dendritic cells and corneal sub-basal nerve fibers in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2015.09.012","article-title":"Diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy: A comparative study of five neurophysiological tests","volume":"45","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209724","article-title":"EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia","volume":"76","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-1020-1","article-title":"Current Diagnosis and Treatment of Painful Small Fiber Neuropathy","volume":"19","author":"Farhad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0565","first-page":"280","article-title":"Improvement of Nerve Fiber Density in Fibromyalgia Patients Treated with IVIg","volume":"16","author":"Metyas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2917","article-title":"Scientific Advances in and Clinical Approaches to Small-Fiber Polyneuropathy: A Review","volume":"76","author":"Oaklander","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"}],"container-title":["Joint Bone Spine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1297319X21001056?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1297319X21001056?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T16:28:21Z","timestamp":1761150501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1297319X21001056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1297319X21001056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1297-319X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1297-319X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The challenge of differentiating fibromyalgia from small-fiber neuropathy in clinical practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Joint Bone Spine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105232","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de rhumatologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105232"}}