{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:38:45Z","timestamp":1791315525169,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T06:57:37Z","timestamp":1410850657000},"page":"115-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The approach-avoidance task as an online intervention in cigarette smoking: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Wittekind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansgar","family":"Feist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke C.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Fritzsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.02.006","article-title":"A\u00a0simple sample size formula for analysis of covariance in randomized clinical trials","volume":"60","author":"Borm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.09.007","article-title":"Under-use of smoking-cessation treatments: results from the National Health Survey, 2000","volume":"28","author":"Cokkinides","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03475.x","article-title":"Reaching out towards cannabis: approach-bias in heavy cannabis users predicts changes in cannabis use","volume":"106","author":"Cousijn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib4","first-page":"73","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Fagerstr\u00f8m test for nicotine dependence","volume":"35","author":"de Meneses-Gaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2012.11.002","article-title":"Approach bias modification in alcohol dependence: Do clinical effects replicate and for whom does it work best?","volume":"4","author":"Eberl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300030","article-title":"A\u00a0self-administered questionnaire to measure dependence on cigarettes: the cigarette dependence scale","volume":"28","author":"Etter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib7","series-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS","author":"Field","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.2.93","article-title":"Should we trust web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about internet questionnaires","volume":"59","author":"Gosling","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstr\u00f8m test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerstr\u00f8m tolerance questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1910-z","article-title":"Measuring smoking-related preoccupation and compulsive drive: evaluation of the obsessive compulsive smoking scale","volume":"211","author":"Hitsman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.04.002","article-title":"The commitment to quitting smoking scale: Initial validation in a smoking cessation trial for heavy social drinkers","volume":"32","author":"Kahler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addicitve Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.1.119","article-title":"The effects of fear and anger facial expression on approach- and avoidance-related behavior","volume":"5","author":"Marsh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib13","series-title":"Handbook of treating variants and complications in anxiety disorders","first-page":"375","article-title":"Harnessing the web: Internet and self-help therapy for people with obsessive compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"Moritz","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib14","series-title":"The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion","first-page":"371","article-title":"Motor compatibility: the bidirectional link between behavior and evaluation","author":"Neumann","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200600672765","article-title":"Assessing tobacco dependence: a guide to measure evaluation and selection","volume":"8","author":"Piper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2006.10.001","article-title":"Approach and avoidance in fear of spiders","volume":"38","author":"Rinck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.09.033","article-title":"Use of smoking-cessation treatments in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Shiffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA740109","article-title":"Assessing achievement, affiliation, and power motives all at once: the Multi-Motive Grid (MMG)","volume":"74","author":"Sokolowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131444","article-title":"Implicit cognition and addiction: a tool for explaining paradoxical behavior","volume":"6","author":"Stacy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7321.1123","article-title":"Statistics notes: Analysing controlled trials with baseline and follow up measurements","volume":"323","author":"Vickers","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.030512","article-title":"Motivational mechanisms underlying the approach bias to cigarettes","volume":"4","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611400615","article-title":"Retraining automatic action tendencies changes alcoholic patients' approach bias for alcohol and improves treatment outcome","volume":"22","author":"Wiers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3098-5","article-title":"Automatic approach bias towards smoking cues is present in smokers but not in ex-smokers","volume":"229","author":"Wiers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2008.00454.x","article-title":"Relatively strong automatic appetitive action-tendencies in male carriers of the OPRM1 G-allele","volume":"8","author":"Wiers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes, Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02775.x","article-title":"Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers","volume":"105","author":"Wiers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006_bib26","series-title":"Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction","author":"Wiers","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791614000767?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791614000767?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:22:11Z","timestamp":1757755331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005791614000767"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0005791614000767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The approach-avoidance task as an online intervention in cigarette smoking: A pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}