{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:11:00Z","timestamp":1789881060903,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]],"date-time":"2014-10-30T22:04:42Z","timestamp":1414706682000},"page":"182-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Delaying in\u00a0vivo exposure to a tarantula with very brief exposure to phobic stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Siegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly Alyse","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0106-8","article-title":"Attention and amygdala activity: an fMRI study with spider pictures in spider phobia","volume":"116","author":"Alpers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib3","series-title":"Phobic disorders and panic in adults: A guide to assessment and treatment","author":"Anton","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7652558","article-title":"Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans","volume":"269","author":"Bechara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00069-1","article-title":"An information processing model of anxiety: automatic and strategic processes","volume":"35","author":"Beck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.1.4","article-title":"A\u00a0modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder","volume":"108","author":"Bouton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.4.4.340","article-title":"Fear and the amygdala: manipulation of awareness generates differential cerebral responses to phobic and fear-relevant stimuli","volume":"4","author":"Carlsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03202793","article-title":"Priming with and without awareness","volume":"36","author":"Cheesman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.01.006","article-title":"Extending animal models of fear conditioning to humans","volume":"73","author":"Delgado","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib13","series-title":"Bergin and Garfield's handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change","first-page":"393","article-title":"Behavior therapy with adults","author":"Emmelkanp","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.006","article-title":"Individual differences in trait anxiety predict the response of the basolateral amygdala to unconsciously processed fearful faces","volume":"44","author":"Etkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(99)00016-0","article-title":"The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear","volume":"23","author":"Fendt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.99.1.20","article-title":"Emotional processing of fear: exposure to correcting information","volume":"99","author":"Foa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00068-7","article-title":"Virtual reality in the treatment of spider phobia: a controlled study","volume":"2002","author":"Garcia-Palacious","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib20","first-page":"S35","article-title":"Toward and away from spiders: attentional engagement and disengagement in spider phobic patients","volume":"44","author":"Gerdes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.010","article-title":"When spiders appear suddenly: spider phobic patients are distracted by task-irrelevant spiders","volume":"46","author":"Gerdes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behavior Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.04.009","article-title":"Cognitive processes during fear acquisition and extinction in animals and humans: Implications for exposure therapy of anxiety disorders","volume":"28","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00021269","article-title":"Semantic activation without conscious identification in dichotic-listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: a survey and appraisal","volume":"9","author":"Holender","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00368","article-title":"Nonconscious fear conditioning, visceral perception, and the development of gut feelings","volume":"12","author":"Katkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6846","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-10-06846.1995","article-title":"Impaired fear conditioning following unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans","volume":"15","author":"LaBar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00343-8","article-title":"Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology","volume":"61","author":"Lang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155","article-title":"Emotion circuits in the brain","volume":"23","author":"LeDoux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.04.005","article-title":"Vigilance for threat interacts with amygdala responses to subliminal threat cues in specific phobia","volume":"70","author":"Lipka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.79604","article-title":"Cognitive processes in extinction","volume":"11","author":"Lovibond","year":"2004","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020077009","article-title":"Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"53","author":"Magee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/30976","article-title":"Modulation of human amygdala activity by emotional learning and conscious awareness","volume":"383","author":"Morris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.483","article-title":"Fears, phobias, and preparedness: toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning","volume":"108","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.121","article-title":"On the automatic nature of phobic fear: conditioned electrodermal responses to masked fear-relevant stimuli","volume":"102","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.2.231","article-title":"\u201cUnconscious anxiety\u201d: phobic responses to masked stimuli","volume":"103","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.127.1.69","article-title":"Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli: expectancies for aversive outcomes following nonrecognized fear-relevant stimuli","volume":"127","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi115","article-title":"Target visibility and visual awareness modulate amygdala responses to fearful faces","volume":"16","author":"Pessoa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib38","series-title":"The new unconscious","first-page":"61","article-title":"The interaction of emotion and cognition: the relation between the human amygdala and cognitive awareness","author":"Phelps","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.2.231","article-title":"Spider fearful individuals attend to threat, then quickly avoid it: evidence from eye movements","volume":"115","author":"Rinck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.09.003","article-title":"Very brief exposure II: the effects of unreportable stimuli on phobic behavior","volume":"20","author":"Siegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2013.774264","article-title":"A\u00a0detection-identification dissociation for phobic stimuli: unconscious perception?","volume":"27","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2012.756803","article-title":"The effect of very brief exposure on the subjective experience of fear induced by in\u00a0vivo exposure","volume":"27","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030833","article-title":"Less is still more: maintenance of the very brief exposure effect one year later","volume":"13","author":"Siegel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib44","series-title":"Diagnostic validation of a behavioral avoidance test for spider phobia","author":"Siegel","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2009.08.001","article-title":"Very brief exposure: the effects of unreportable stimuli on fearful behavior","volume":"18","author":"Siegel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026806","article-title":"Less is more: the effects of very brief versus clearly visible exposure","volume":"12","author":"Siegel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.06.013","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of automatic and direct processing of phobogenic stimuli in specific phobia","volume":"59","author":"Straube","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)00072-T","article-title":"Fear of spiders questionnaire","volume":"26","author":"Szymanski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91083-8","article-title":"Treatment of agoraphobia by subliminal and supraliminal exposure to phobic cine-film","author":"Tyrer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.3.627","article-title":"Habituation model of systematic desensitization","volume":"86","author":"Watts","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2011.01.003","article-title":"What you can't see can help you","volume":"20","author":"Weinberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103617","article-title":"Human amygdala responsivity to masked fearful white eyes","volume":"306","author":"Whalen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.4.675","article-title":"Current concerns in visual masking","volume":"6","author":"Wiens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00667.x","article-title":"Keeping it short: a comparison of methods for brief picture presentation","volume":"15","author":"Wiens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00117","article-title":"Effects of trial order and differential conditioning on acquisition of differential shock expectancy and skin conductance conditioning to masked stimuli","volume":"40","author":"Wiens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791614000901?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791614000901?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:22:53Z","timestamp":1757755373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005791614000901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0005791614000901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Delaying in\u00a0vivo exposure to a tarantula with very brief exposure to phobic stimuli","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}