{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T18:48:07Z","timestamp":1758048487884,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T19:47:19Z","timestamp":1487274439000},"page":"6-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Emotion avoidance and fear bradycardia in patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Malou","family":"Stoffels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurits","family":"Nijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Spinhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4284-1388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahele","family":"Mesbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muriel A.","family":"Hagenaars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023272","article-title":"Tonic immobility does not uniquely predict posttraumatic stress symptom severity","volume":"4","author":"Abrams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00940.x","article-title":"Is freezing an adaptive reaction to threat? Evidence from heart rate reactivity to emotional pictures in victims of war and torture","volume":"47","author":"Adenauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib3"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2005.05.005","article-title":"An experimental test of the schema mode model of borderline personality disorder","volume":"36","author":"Arntz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00287.x","article-title":"A\u00a0freezing-like posture to pictures of mutilation","volume":"42","author":"Azevedo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029777","article-title":"Psychophysiological assessment of emotional processing in patients with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid substance use","volume":"4","author":"Baschnagel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004","article-title":"Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale","volume":"174","author":"Bernstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13020263","article-title":"Oxytocin and reduction of social threat hypersensitivity in women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"170","author":"Bertsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.39.020188.000355","article-title":"Ethoexperimental approaches to the biology of emotion","volume":"39","author":"Blanchard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.10.016","article-title":"Risk assessment as an evolved threat detection and analysis process","volume":"35","author":"Blanchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900001954","article-title":"Freeze, flight, fight, fright, faint: Adaptationist perspectives on the acute stress response spectrum","volume":"9","author":"Bracha","year":"2004","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(03)00033-3","article-title":"Psychological theories of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"23","author":"Brewin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00295","article-title":"Perceiving blocks of emotional pictures and sounds: Effects on physiological variables","volume":"7","author":"Brouwer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.50.1.191","article-title":"Emotion","volume":"50","author":"Cacioppo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0335-2","article-title":"Components of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: A review","volume":"15","author":"Carpenter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current psychiatry reports"},{"year":"1999","series-title":"The international affective picture system","author":"Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, National Institute of Mental Health","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib77"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-011-0124-6","article-title":"Experiential avoidance and emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder","volume":"29","author":"Chapman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299025002007","article-title":"Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.05.001","article-title":"Affective dysregulation and dissociative experience in female patients with borderline personality disorder: A startle response study","volume":"39","author":"Ebner-Priemer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000021","article-title":"Unraveling affective dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: A theoretical model and empirical evidence","volume":"124","author":"Ebner-Priemer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.04.014","article-title":"Psychophysiological ambulatory assessment of affective dysregulation in borderline personality disorder","volume":"150","author":"Ebner-Priemer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.027","article-title":"Die hard: A blend of freezing and fleeing as a dynamic defense\u2013implications for the control of defensive behavior","volume":"29","author":"Eilam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehaverioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210947","article-title":"Neural organization of the defensive behavior system responsible for fear","volume":"1","author":"Fanselow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib23","series-title":"Evolution and learning","first-page":"185","article-title":"A\u00a0functional behavioristic approach to aversely motivated behavior: Predatory imminence as a determinate of the topology of defensive behavior","author":"Fanselow","year":"1988"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Structured clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorder (SCID-II), User's guide","author":"First","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib24"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00546","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.546","article-title":"Tonic immobility differentiates stress responses in PTSD","volume":"6","author":"Fragkaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002322","article-title":"A\u00a0momentary assessment study of the reputed emotional phenotype associated with borderline personality disorder","volume":"38","author":"Glaser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.05.017","article-title":"Neurobiology of panic disorder: From animal models to brain neuroimaging","volume":"32","author":"Graeff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.08.005","article-title":"An experimental investigation of emotional reactivity and delayed emotional recovery in borderline personality disorder: The role of shame","volume":"51","author":"Gratz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614536164","article-title":"Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: An affective science perspective","volume":"2","author":"Gross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"year":"2007","series-title":"Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations","author":"Gross","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib31"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00073","article-title":"Mental imagery affects subsequent automatic defense responses","volume":"6","author":"Hagenaars","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.07.021","article-title":"Updating freeze: Aligning animal and human research","volume":"47","author":"Hagenaars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2013.809420","article-title":"Human freezing in response to affective films","volume":"27","author":"Hagenaars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress & Coping"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024211","article-title":"Aversive life events enhance human freezing","volume":"141","author":"Hagenaars","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2011.08.004","article-title":"Heart rate variability in response to affective scenes in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"88","author":"Hauschildt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01075-7","article-title":"Evidence of abnormal amygdala functioning in borderline personality disorder: A functional MRI study","volume":"50","author":"Herpertz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.10.1550","article-title":"Affective responsiveness in borderline personality disorder: A psychophysiological approach","volume":"156","author":"Herpertz","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023703","article-title":"An investigation of experiential avoidance, emotion dysregulation, and distress tolerance in young adult outpatients with borderline personality disorder symptoms","volume":"3","author":"Iverson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000065","article-title":"Fear and the defense Cascade: Clinical implications and management","volume":"23","author":"Kozlowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2015.05.002","article-title":"A\u00a0multi-method laboratory investigation of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation abilities in borderline personality disorder","volume":"50","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016392","article-title":"Disentangling emotion processes in borderline personality disorder: Physiological and self-reported assessment of biological vulnerability, baseline intensity, and reactivity to emotionally evocative stimuli","volume":"118","author":"Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib43","series-title":"Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes","first-page":"97","article-title":"Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action","author":"Lang","year":"1997"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes","author":"Lang","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib44"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib45","article-title":"The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: A reconceptualization of a troubled paradigm","author":"LeDoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16030353","article-title":"Using neuroscience to help understand fear and anxiety: A two-system framework","volume":"173","author":"LeDoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-010-9197-2","article-title":"Distress tolerance scale: A confirmatory factor analysis among daily cigarette smokers","volume":"33","author":"Leyro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019712","article-title":"Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: A review of the empirical literature among adults","volume":"136","author":"Leyro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psycholical Bulletin"},{"year":"1993","series-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder","author":"Linehan","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib49"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20593","article-title":"Freezing reaction in panic disorder patients associated with anticipatory anxiety","volume":"26","author":"Lopes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1997.11.3.279","article-title":"Interrater reliability and internal consistency of the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), version 2.0","volume":"11","author":"Maffei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.03.005","article-title":"A\u00a0two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: Fear\/anxiety and defensive distance","volume":"28","author":"McNaughton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1144298","article-title":"When fear is near: Threat imminence elicits prefrontal-periaqueductal gray shifts in humans","volume":"317","author":"Mobbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930341000158","article-title":"BRIEF REPORT Time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: Testing the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Mogg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib55","series-title":"The psychology of evaluation","first-page":"371","article-title":"Motor compatibility: The bidirectional link between behavior and evaluation","author":"Neumann","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00162-3","article-title":"The polyvagal theory: Phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system","volume":"42","author":"Porges","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib58","series-title":"Handbook of clinical experimental hypnosis","article-title":"Comparative aspects of hypnosis","author":"Ratner","year":"1967"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2012.26.4.605","article-title":"Stress regulation and incision in borderline personality disorder\u2014a pilot study modeling cutting behavior","volume":"26","author":"Reitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000110626","article-title":"Response inhibition in borderline personality disorder: Performance in a go\/nogo task","volume":"41","author":"Rentrop","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.03.035","article-title":"Dynamics of defensive reactivity in patients with panic disorder and Agoraphobia: Implications for the etiology of panic disorder","volume":"72","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2006.10.001","article-title":"Approach and avoidance in fear of spiders","volume":"38","author":"Rinck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0161","article-title":"State-Dependent differences in emotion regulation between unmedicated bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder","volume":"72","author":"Rive","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"year":"1920","series-title":"Instinct and the unconscious: A contribution to a biological theory of the psychoneuroses","author":"Rivers","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib64"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610384746","article-title":"Facing freeze: Social threat induces bodily freeze in humans","volume":"21","author":"Roelofs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.06.041","article-title":"Emotional hyper-reactivity in borderline personality disorder is related to trauma and interpersonal themes","volume":"220","author":"Sauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.01.005","article-title":"Psychophysiological reactivity to traumatic and abandonment scripts in borderline personality and posttraumatic stress disorders: A preliminary report","volume":"126","author":"Schmahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015687","article-title":"Cascades of emotion: The emergence of borderline personality disorder from emotional and behavioral dysregulation","volume":"13","author":"Selby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Review of General Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-005-7955-3","article-title":"The distress tolerance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure","volume":"29","author":"Simons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01324-0","article-title":"The borderline diagnosis I: Psychopathology, comorbidity, and personality structure","volume":"51","author":"Skodol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"year":"1988","series-title":"State\u2013trait anger expression inventory (STAXI)","author":"Spielberger","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib71"},{"year":"1983","series-title":"Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory","author":"Spielberger","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib72"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025554","article-title":"Affective startle modulation in incarcerated women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"3","author":"Vitale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00744-3","article-title":"Role of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons in the behavioral and cardiovascular responses to contextual conditioned fear and poststress recovery","volume":"116","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2009.07.014","article-title":"Autonomic impairment in borderline personality disorder: A laboratory investigation","volume":"71","author":"Weinberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791616300404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791616300404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:23:47Z","timestamp":1757755427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005791616300404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0005791616300404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7916"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0005-7916"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emotion avoidance and fear bradycardia in patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.02.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}