{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:29:46Z","timestamp":1790886586295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T11:39:38Z","timestamp":1569843578000},"page":"101519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Short-term affective consequences of specificity of rumination about unresolved personal goals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Henrietta","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Moberly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamsin","family":"Cull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Honeysett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barnaby D.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib1","series-title":"Beck depression inventory-II manual","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Goal engagement and the human experience","volume":"Vol. IX","author":"Carver","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.1.19","article-title":"Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view","volume":"97","author":"Carver","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib4","series-title":"On the self-regulation of behaviour","author":"Carver","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.06.007","article-title":"The relative effects of abstract versus concrete rumination on the experience of post-decisional regret","volume":"108","author":"Dey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.08.004","article-title":"The relative effects of abstract versus concrete thinking on decision-making in depression","volume":"110","author":"Dey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064512","article-title":"Reduced specificity of personal goals and explanations for goal attainment in major depression","volume":"8","author":"Dickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.83","article-title":"A psychometric evaluation of the Beck depression inventory - II","volume":"10","author":"Dozois","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-006-9089-7","article-title":"The role of rumination and reduced concreteness in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma","volume":"32","author":"Ehring","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.08.004","article-title":"Positive emotion dysregulation across mood disorders: How amplifying versus dampening predicts emotional reactivity and illness course","volume":"51","author":"Gilbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-011-9428-1","article-title":"Concreteness of idiographic periods of worry and depressive rumination","volume":"36","author":"Goldwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9507-y","article-title":"Concreteness of depressive rumination and trauma recall in individuals with elevated trait rumination and\/or posttraumatic stress symptoms","volume":"37","author":"Goldwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib13","series-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2014.929149","article-title":"Abstract recall of a happy memory to repair sad mood in dysphoria: A possible link to negative cognition","volume":"23","author":"Hetherington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2005.24.6.894","article-title":"Cognitive, behavioral, and affective responses to reward: Links with hypomanic symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027592142001","article-title":"Assessing subjective well-being in the old-old","volume":"14","author":"Kercher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00251-7","article-title":"A short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: Evaluation of factorial validity and invariance across demographic variables in a community sample","volume":"27","author":"Mackinnon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some ruminative thoughts","volume":"Vol. IX","author":"Martin","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.02.003","article-title":"Processing mode influences the relationship between trait rumination and emotional vulnerability","volume":"37","author":"Moberly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930802696849","article-title":"Negative affect and ruminative self-focus during everyday goal pursuit","volume":"24","author":"Moberly","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib24","first-page":"135","article-title":"Chewing the cud and other ruminations","volume":"Vol. IX","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake","volume":"61","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib26","first-page":"187","article-title":"Rumination and emotions","volume":"ume 1","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking rumination","volume":"3","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2013.05.004","article-title":"Cueing an unresolved personal goal causes persistent ruminative self-focus: An experimental evaluation of control theories of rumination","volume":"44","author":"Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2013.01.012","article-title":"Concern-induced negative affect is associated with the occurrence and content of mind-wandering","volume":"22","author":"Stawarczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2015.34.2.161","article-title":"The interactive effect of individual differences in goal strength and self-discrepancies: Examining negative affective outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2009.11.010","article-title":"Concreteness of thinking and self-focus","volume":"19","author":"Takano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Consciousness and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.394","article-title":"Positive life goals and plans in parasuicide","volume":"11","author":"Vincent","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.2.163","article-title":"Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought","volume":"134","author":"Watkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.05.004","article-title":"Dysregulation in level of goal and action identification across psychological disorders","volume":"31","author":"Watkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013642","article-title":"Concreteness training reduces dysphoria: Proof-of-principle for repeated cognitive bias modification in depression","volume":"118","author":"Watkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.8.3.364","article-title":"Processing mode causally influences emotional reactivity: Distinct effects of abstract versus concrete construal on emotional response","volume":"8","author":"Watkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.3.319","article-title":"Distinct modes of ruminative self-focus: Impact of abstract versus concrete problem solving in depression","volume":"5","author":"Watkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.04.007","article-title":"Reduced concreteness of rumination in depression: A pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Watkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035540","article-title":"A habit-goal framework of depressive rumination","volume":"123","author":"Watkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025984","article-title":"Mood repair and processing mode in depression","volume":"12","author":"Werner-Seidler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01871","article-title":"Regulating rumination by anger: Evidence for the mutual promotion and counteraction (MPMC) theory of emotionality","volume":"8","author":"Zahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.06.001","article-title":"Shedding light on the association between repetitive negative thinking and deficits in cognitive control - a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Zetsche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791619300461?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791619300461?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:27:09Z","timestamp":1757755629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005791619300461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0005791619300461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0005-7916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Short-term affective consequences of specificity of rumination about unresolved personal goals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2019.101519","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101519"}}