{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T07:44:51Z","timestamp":1763365491768,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T12:33:16Z","timestamp":1607517196000},"page":"101633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u201cWas I asking for it?\u201d: An experimental investigation of perceived responsibility, mental contamination and workplace sexual harassment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Krause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Radomsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.01.004","article-title":"The relevance of analogue studies for understanding obsessions and compulsions","volume":"34","author":"Abramowitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.07.007","article-title":"Disgust as a unique affective predictor of mental contamination following sexual trauma","volume":"28","author":"Badour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.01.006","article-title":"Impact of sexual harassment victimization by peers on subsequent adolescent victimization and adjustment: A longitudinal study","volume":"45","author":"Chiodo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00050069308258896","article-title":"New perspectives for a cognitive theory of obsessions","volume":"28","author":"Clark","year":"1993","journal-title":"Australian Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.08.009","article-title":"Mental contamination: Relationship with psychopathology and transdiagnostic processes","volume":"17","author":"Coughtrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2012.07.006","article-title":"Mental contamination in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"1","author":"Coughtrey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1348\/0144665031752934","article-title":"Positive and Negative Affect Scale - construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample","volume":"43","author":"Crawford","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.01.001","article-title":"Obsessions and compulsions in the lab: A meta-analysis of procedures to induce symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"52","author":"De Putter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0","article-title":"A cognitive model of post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"38","author":"Ehlers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.03.004","article-title":"Analyses of mental contamination: Part 1, experimental manipulations of morality","volume":"47","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2012.03.007","article-title":"Mental contamination: The effects of imagined physical dirt and immoral behaviour","volume":"50","author":"Elliott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/cp.12002","article-title":"Meaning and mental contamination: Focus on appraisals","volume":"17","author":"Elliott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.12.005","article-title":"Mental pollution: Feelings of dirtiness without physical contact","volume":"43","author":"Fairbrother","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00108-6","article-title":"Feelings of mental pollution subsequent to sexual assault","volume":"42","author":"Fairbrother","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.10.005","article-title":"Feared identity and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"43","author":"Ferrier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2043808718810030","article-title":"From the laboratory to the clinic (and back again): How experiments have informed cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compsulve disorder","volume":"9","author":"Gagn\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychopathology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00178-X","article-title":"Connections among symptoms of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: A case series","volume":"41","author":"Gershuny","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657","article-title":"The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample","volume":"44","author":"Henry","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.07.010","article-title":"Vulnerability to mental contamination","volume":"45","author":"Herba","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Sexual assault, sexual abuse, and harassment: Understanding the mental health impact and providing care for survivors","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib19"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465813000684","article-title":"Unwanted sexual experiences and cognitive appraisals that evoke mental contamination","volume":"43","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2017.06.004","article-title":"Does modifying personal responsibility moderate the mental contamination effect?","volume":"57","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"year":"1948","series-title":"Sexual behavior in the human male","author":"Kinsey","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib22"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib23"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.10.005","article-title":"Responsibility causes reassurance seeking, too: An experimental investigation","volume":"20","author":"Leonhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00089-3","article-title":"Perceived responsibility and compulsive checking: An experimental analysis","volume":"33","author":"Lopatka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243217704631","article-title":"The economic and career effects of sexual harassment on working women","volume":"31","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gender & Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2015.12.004","article-title":"Mental contamination in the \u201cdirty kiss\u201d: Imaginal betrayal or bodily fluids?","volume":"8","author":"Millar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.13.3.203","article-title":"Measuring sexual harassment: Development and validation of the sexual harassment inventory","volume":"13","author":"Murdoch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Violence & Victims"},{"year":"1996","series-title":"The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020: Summary","author":"Murray","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.07.010","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the obsessive belief questionnaire and interpretation of intrusions inventory - Part 2: Factor analyses and testing of a brief version","volume":"43","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp1704_9","article-title":"The psychological impact of sexual harassment on women in the U.S. Military","volume":"17","author":"Pryor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00040-5","article-title":"A cognitive theory of obsessions","volume":"35","author":"Rachman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)10041-9","article-title":"A cognitive theory of obsessions: Elaborations","volume":"36","author":"Rachman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.10.009","article-title":"Fear of contamination","volume":"42","author":"Rachman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Oxford guide to the treatment of mental contamination: VOCI mental contamination scale","author":"Rachman","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib35"},{"year":"1980","series-title":"Obsessions and compulsions","author":"Rachman","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib36"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.08.002","article-title":"Mental contamination: The perpetrator effect","volume":"43","author":"Rachman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.08.004","article-title":"Analyses of mental contamination: Part II, individual differences","volume":"47","author":"Radomsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.02.005","article-title":"Repeated checking really does cause memory distrust","volume":"44","author":"Radomsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2013.08.003","article-title":"The nature and assessment of mental contamination: A psychometric analysis","volume":"3","author":"Radomsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.94","article-title":"The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"15","author":"Ruscio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90105-6","article-title":"Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis","volume":"23","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01247.x","article-title":"The manipulation of responsibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"36","author":"Shafran","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00185-5","article-title":"The role of traumatic experiences in the genesis of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"37","author":"de Silva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(81)90043-3","article-title":"Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions","volume":"17","author":"Swann","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.08.007","article-title":"The vancouver obsessional compulsive inventory (VOCI)","volume":"42","author":"Thordarson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5792","key":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130726","article-title":"Washing away your sins: Threatened morality and physical cleansing","volume":"313","author":"Zhong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791620302809?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0005791620302809?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T09:27:02Z","timestamp":1757755622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0005791620302809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0005791620302809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633","relation":{},"ISSN":["0005-7916"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0005-7916"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cWas I asking for it?\u201d: An experimental investigation of perceived responsibility, mental contamination and workplace sexual harassment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbtep.2020.101633","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101633"}}