{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:19:50Z","timestamp":1771294790417,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcehepatology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T05:21:09Z","timestamp":1417584069000},"page":"S104-S115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Management in Acute Liver Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"family":"Shalimar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subrat K.","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01905.x","article-title":"Recommendations of the International Association for the Study of the Liver Subcommittee on nomenclatureof acute and subacute liver failure","volume":"14","author":"Tandon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230622","article-title":"Fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome","volume":"23","author":"Acharya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02073.x","article-title":"Acute hepatic failure in India: a perspective from the East","volume":"15","author":"Acharya","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.061754","article-title":"Predictive value of arterial ammonia for complications and outcome in acute liver failure","volume":"55","author":"Bhatia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22177","article-title":"Acute liver failure: summary of a workshop","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91736-6","article-title":"Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes","volume":"342","author":"O'Grady","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib7","series-title":"Progress in the Treatment of Liver Disease","first-page":"51","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in liver failure A multi organ perspective","author":"Shawcross","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2007.11.001","article-title":"Brain edema in acute liver failure","volume":"24","author":"Blei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21838","article-title":"Arterial ammonia and clinical risk factors for encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure","volume":"46","author":"Bernal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib10","series-title":"Worldwide Differences in Acute Liver Failure","first-page":"33","author":"Shalimar","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1472-x","article-title":"Predictors of bacteraemia and mortality in patients with acute liver failure","volume":"35","author":"Karvellas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23534","article-title":"Antituberculous therapy induced acute liver failure. magnitude, profile, prognosis and predictors of outcome","volume":"51","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42643","article-title":"Molecular neurobiology of acute liver failure","volume":"23","author":"Butterworth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040322","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"28","author":"Cordoba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-008-9116-3","article-title":"The brain in acute liver failure. A tortuous path from hyperammonemia to cerebral edema","volume":"24","author":"Bjerring","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.29310","article-title":"Cerebral metabolism of ammonia and amino acids in patients with fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"121","author":"Strauss","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01477-8","article-title":"Correlation between ammonia levels and the severity of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"114","author":"Ong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301762","article-title":"Prospective derivation and validation of early dynamic model for predicting outcome in patients with acute liver failure","volume":"61","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22493","article-title":"A\u00a020-year single-center experience with acute liver failure during pregnancy: is\u00a0the prognosis really worse?","volume":"48","author":"Bhatia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.17687","article-title":"The systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute liver failure","volume":"32","author":"Rolando","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01051-5","article-title":"Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure","volume":"125","author":"Vaquero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199711000-00014","article-title":"American College of Chest Physicians\/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference definitions of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and allied disorders in relation to critically injured patients","volume":"25","author":"Muckart","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-007-9071-4","article-title":"Brain cytokine flux in acute liver failure and its relationship with intracranial hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.26383","article-title":"Indomethacin prevents the development of experimental ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis","volume":"34","author":"Chung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.02.012","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines induce protein tyrosine nitration in rat astrocytes","volume":"449","author":"Gorg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300608","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow during mechanical hyperventilation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"30","author":"Strauss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600589","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow autoregulation in experimental liver failure","volume":"28","author":"Dethloff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00069-6","article-title":"Cerebral hyperemia and nitric oxide synthase in rats with ammonia-induced brain edema","volume":"34","author":"Larsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80066-3","article-title":"Dissociated cerebral vasoparalysis in acute liver failure. A hypothesis of gradual cerebral hyperaemia","volume":"25","author":"Larsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190614","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in fulminant liver failure","volume":"19","author":"Wendon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007241","article-title":"Cerebral circulation in liver failure: Ohm's law in force","volume":"16","author":"Larsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510250409","article-title":"Liver function, cerebral blood flow autoregulation, and hepatic encephalopathy in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"25","author":"Strauss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.25386","article-title":"Restoration of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and reactivity to carbon dioxide in acute liver failure by moderate hypothermia","volume":"34","author":"Jalan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80154-2","article-title":"Chronic hyponatremia exacerbates ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis","volume":"29","author":"Cordoba","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20056","article-title":"The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure","volume":"39","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90016-A","article-title":"Complications of intracranial pressure monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"341","author":"Blei","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199909000-00005","article-title":"Acute liver failure; clinical features and management","volume":"11","author":"Bernal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.10.866","article-title":"Clinical monitoring of intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"21","author":"Hanid","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1007368","article-title":"Difficult management problems in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"13","author":"Munoz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100309","article-title":"Thiopental infusion in the treatment of intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"10","author":"Forbes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021982523691","article-title":"Mild hypothermia in the prevention of brain edema in acute liver failure: mechanisms and clinical prospects","volume":"17","author":"Chatauret","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12440-6","article-title":"Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure","volume":"354","author":"Jalan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S258","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aa5fb8","article-title":"Therapeutic hypothermia for acute liver failure","volume":"37","author":"Stravitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.03.017","article-title":"Prophylactic phenytoin does not improve cerebral edema or survival in acute liver failure\u2014a controlled clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Bhatia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(86)80007-1","article-title":"Controlled hyperventilation in the prevention of cerebral oedema in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"2","author":"Ede","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38048.506134.EE","article-title":"Non-absorbable disaccharides for hepatic encephalopathy: systematic review of randomised trials","volume":"328","author":"Als-Nielsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70239-7","article-title":"Dispelling myths in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"365","author":"Shawcross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(02)00040-2","article-title":"Interorgan ammonia metabolism in liver failure","volume":"41","author":"Olde Damink","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021934607762","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in the management of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Kircheis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300311","article-title":"L-ornithine-L-aspartate lowers plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ammonia and prevents brain edema in rats with acute liver failure","volume":"30","author":"Rose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, et\u00a0al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med;362:1071\u20131081.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70366-0","article-title":"Splanchnic and leg exchange of amino acids and ammonia in acute liver failure","volume":"118","author":"Clemmesen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80261-8","article-title":"Plasma amino acid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing etiology","volume":"72","author":"Rosen","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91503-4","article-title":"New pathways of nitrogen excretion in inborn errors of urea synthesis","volume":"2","author":"Brusilow","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23037","article-title":"Alternative pathway therapy for hyperammonemia in liver failure","volume":"50","author":"Larsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22897","article-title":"L-ornithine and phenylacetate synergistically produce sustained reduction in ammonia and brain water in cirrhotic rats","volume":"50","author":"Davies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22917","article-title":"L-ornithine phenylacetate attenuates increased arterial and extracellular brain ammonia and prevents intracranial hypertension in pigs with acute liver failure","volume":"50","author":"Ytrebo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160123","article-title":"Sodium benzoate in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy: a double-blind randomized trial","volume":"16","author":"Sushma","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03295.x","article-title":"Effect of sodium benzoate on blood ammonia response to oral glutamine challenge in cirrhotic patients: a note of caution","volume":"95","author":"Efrati","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328302f470","article-title":"Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999709113333","article-title":"Rifaximin, a non-absorbable rifamycin, for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. A double-blind, randomised trial","volume":"13","author":"Miglio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib62","first-page":"53","article-title":"Cyclic treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin. Results of a double-blind clinical study","volume":"49","author":"Loguercio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00350-1","article-title":"Comparison of rifaximin and lactitol in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Mas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f3e6f5","article-title":"An open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose and probiotics in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.06.006","article-title":"Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure","volume":"137","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.7.625","article-title":"Controlled trial of dexamethasone and mannitol for the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"23","author":"Canalese","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500020103","article-title":"Prospective study comparing the efficacy of prophylactic parenteral antimicrobials, with or without enteral decontamination, in patients with acute liver failure","volume":"2","author":"Rolando","year":"1996","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012100-00011","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves function of neutrophils from patients with acute liver failure","volume":"12","author":"Rolando","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106273242604","article-title":"Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"324","author":"Harrison","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270520","article-title":"The effect of N-acetylcysteine on oxygen transport and uptake in patients with fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"27","author":"Walsh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200111000-00011","article-title":"Liver and intestinal lactate metabolism in patients with acute hepatic failure undergoing liver transplantation","volume":"29","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib72","first-page":"267","article-title":"Effect of fat emulsion in patients with liver disorders","volume":"7","author":"Nagayama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.500050315","article-title":"Living related liver transplantation for acute liver failure in children","volume":"5","author":"Emre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300621","article-title":"Living-related liver transplantation for patients with fulminant and subfulminant hepatic failure","volume":"30","author":"Miwa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib75","first-page":"152","article-title":"Living donor liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"70","author":"Uemoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib76","first-page":"340A","article-title":"Living related donor liver transplantation for adult fulminant hepatic failure","volume":"32","author":"Ichida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib77","first-page":"20","article-title":"Experiences with MARS liver support therapy in liver failure: analysis of 176 patients of the International MARS Registry","volume":"22","author":"Steiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2002.00008.x","article-title":"MARS (Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System): experience in 34 cases of acute liver failure","volume":"22","author":"Novelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215246","article-title":"Ribavirin for chronic hepatitis E virus infection in transplant recipients","volume":"20","author":"Kamar","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2317","article-title":"Ribavirin therapy for hepatitis E virus-induced acute on chronic liver failure: a preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Goyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2013.08.009","article-title":"Hepatitis E and acute liver failure in pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Shalimar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0973688314004277?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0973688314004277?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:02:19Z","timestamp":1760853739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0973688314004277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0973688314004277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-6883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-6883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management in Acute Liver Failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.11.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 INASL. Published by Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India, Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}