{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:20:42Z","timestamp":1792621242176,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcehepatology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T11:29:52Z","timestamp":1630668592000},"page":"625-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Gut Barrier and Microbiota in Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyriac A.","family":"Philips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Augustine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib1","first-page":"686","article-title":"The intestinal barrier function and its involvement in digestive disease","volume":"107","author":"Salvo Romero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01921.x","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function in health and gastrointestinal disease","volume":"24","author":"Camilleri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000306","article-title":"Microbiome: in search of mechanistic information and relevance","volume":"114","author":"Camilleri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.060681","article-title":"Molecular basis of epithelial barrier regulation: from basic mechanisms to clinical application","volume":"169","author":"Turner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G171","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00048.2015","article-title":"Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers","volume":"312","author":"Wells","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","article-title":"Introduction to the human gut microbiota","volume":"474","author":"Thursby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014","article-title":"What is the healthy gut microbiota composition? A changing ecosystem across age, environment, diet, and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Rinninella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322260","article-title":"Mucus barrier, mucins, and gut microbiota: the expected slimy partners?","volume":"69","author":"Paone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000243","article-title":"Leaky gut - concept or clinical entity?","volume":"32","author":"Quigley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539595","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2018.1539595","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota in intestinal wound healing and barrier function","volume":"6","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e338","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.20","article-title":"Roles of intestinal epithelial cells in the maintenance of gut homeostasis","volume":"49","author":"Okumura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052424","article-title":"Mucosal ecological network of epithelium and immune cells for gut homeostasis and tissue healing","volume":"35","author":"Kurashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"The concept revolution of gut barrier: from epithelium to endothelium","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6402","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176402","article-title":"Gut microbiota and intestinal trans-epithelial permeability","volume":"21","author":"Allam-Ndoul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib15","first-page":"14","article-title":"Interaction between the gut microbiome and mucosal immune system","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03032.x","article-title":"Intestinal barrier: an interface between health and disease","volume":"18","author":"Farhadi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000449078","article-title":"Improvement of a 'leaky' intestinal barrier","volume":"35","author":"Stange","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318427","article-title":"Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans","volume":"68","author":"Camilleri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.12.015","article-title":"Methods to determine intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation during liver disease","volume":"421","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31826ae849","article-title":"The gut barrier: new acquisitions and therapeutic approaches","volume":"46","author":"Scaldaferri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.05.007","article-title":"Mechanistic insight into the gut microbiome and its interaction with host immunity and inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052506","article-title":"Tight junctions as a key for pathogens invasion in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"22","author":"Paradis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2018.tb00025.x","article-title":"Modulation of intestinal paracellular transport by bacterial pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Roxas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0438-4","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolites as multi-kingdom intermediates","volume":"19","author":"Krautkramer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.01.003","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist","volume":"17","author":"Sayin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2013.06.006","article-title":"Gut microbiota and bile acids: an old story revisited (again)","volume":"38","author":"P\u00e9an","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i17.2058","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction in cirrhosis: current concepts in pathophysiology and clinical implications","volume":"7","author":"Tsiaoussis","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.06.031","article-title":"Uncovering the molecular events associated with increased intestinal permeability in liver cirrhosis: the pivotal role of enterocyte tight junctions and future perspectives","volume":"59","author":"Assimakopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2018.1481747","article-title":"Bacterial translocation in patients with liver cirrhosis: physiology, clinical consequences, and practical implications","volume":"12","author":"Ponziani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expet Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02609.x","article-title":"Altered intestinal tight junctions' expression in patients with liver cirrhosis: a pathogenetic mechanism of intestinal hyperpermeability","volume":"42","author":"Assimakopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v38.2.02","article-title":"Alcohol and gut-derived inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Bishehsari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.58","article-title":"The resilience of the intestinal microbiota influences health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Sommer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30349","article-title":"Intestinal immune dysregulation driven by dysbiosis promotes barrier disruption and bacterial translocation in rats with cirrhosis","volume":"70","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2020.0086","article-title":"From intestinal dysbiosis to alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Mendes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib35","article-title":"Total lipopolysaccharide from the human gut microbiome silences toll-like receptor signaling","volume":"2","author":"d'Hennezel","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i34.3813","article-title":"Clinical impact of microbiome in patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"24","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G563","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00370.2018","article-title":"Gut microbiota in liver disease: too much is harmful, nothing at all is not helpful either","volume":"316","author":"Hartmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28696","article-title":"Gut microbiota drive the development of neuroinflammatory response in cirrhosis in mice","volume":"64","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1608832","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in chronic liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019","article-title":"Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications","volume":"60","author":"Bajaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2019.09.001","article-title":"Microbiome dysbiosis and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.08.008","article-title":"Altered microbiome in patients with cirrhosis and complications","volume":"17","author":"Acharya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.94416","article-title":"Microbiota, cirrhosis, and the emerging oral-gut-liver axis","volume":"2","author":"Acharya","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.07.022","article-title":"Association between intestinal microbiota collected at hospital admission and outcomes of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.08.054","article-title":"Alterations in gut microbiome in cirrhosis as assessed by quantitative metagenomics: relationship with acute-on-chronic liver failure and prognosis","volume":"160","author":"Sol\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-017-9798-x","article-title":"Gut-liver axis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension: the chicken and the egg","volume":"12","author":"Arab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2020.03.27","article-title":"The gut-liver axis as a target of liver disease management","volume":"10","author":"Mandato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-011-9925-5","article-title":"Changes of fecal Bifidobacterium species in adult patients with hepatitis B virus-induced chronic liver disease","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34055","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34055","article-title":"Dysbiosis of small intestinal microbiota in liver cirrhosis and its association with etiology","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782157","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1782157","article-title":"Intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, changes in duodenal and fecal microbiota, and their associations with alcoholic liver disease progression in humans","volume":"12","author":"Maccioni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314458","article-title":"Mucosa-associated invariant T cells link intestinal immunity with antibacterial immune defects in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"67","author":"Riva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13485","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic hepatitis C with and without cirrhosis compared with healthy controls","volume":"38","author":"Heidrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib53","first-page":"438","article-title":"Neither black nor white: do altered intestinal microbiota reflect chronic liver disease severity?","volume":"70","author":"Goeser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14397","article-title":"Review article: the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic liver disease","volume":"47","author":"Woodhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003","article-title":"The gut-liver axis in liver disease: pathophysiological basis for therapy","volume":"72","author":"Albillos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0099-1","article-title":"Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12932","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis in acute-on-chronic liver failure and its predictive value for mortality","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib58","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in clinical complications, disease severity, and treatment response in severe alcoholic hepatitis","author":"Philips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib59","first-page":"A23","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in clinical complications and treatment response in alcoholic hepatitis \u2013 a CIRCOS\u00ae, linear discriminant analysis effect size biomarker and CONET\u00ae co-occurrence network analysis","volume":"69","author":"Philips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313170","article-title":"Fungal dysbiosis in cirrhosis","volume":"67","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i8.451","article-title":"Update on diagnosis and management of sepsis in cirrhosis: current advances","volume":"12","author":"Philips","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib62","article-title":"Analysis and identification of disruptive gut microbiota and its perturbed metabolic functions and recognition of potential novel therapeutic targets in decompensated cirrhosis with sepsis","volume":"69","author":"Philips","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29791","article-title":"Diet affects gut microbiota and modulates hospitalization risk differentially in an international cirrhosis cohort","volume":"68","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000458","article-title":"Effects of probiotics (cultured Lactobacillus subtilis\/Streptococcus faecium) in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized-controlled multicenter study","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010199","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis treatment","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29306","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Bajaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.033","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"156","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30690","article-title":"Fecal microbial transplant capsules are safe in hepatic encephalopathy: a phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133410","article-title":"Microbial functional change is linked with clinical outcomes after capsular fecal transplant in cirrhosis","volume":"4","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0906-1","article-title":"Preliminary experience with single fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy-A case series","volume":"37","author":"Mehta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30037","article-title":"Antibiotic-associated disruption of microbiota composition and function in cirrhosis is restored by fecal transplant","volume":"68","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1639","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant in cirrhosis reduces gut microbial antibiotic resistance genes: analysis of two trials","volume":"5","author":"Bajaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.029","article-title":"Healthy donor fecal microbiota transplantation in steroid-ineligible severe alcoholic hepatitis: a pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Philips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0859-4","article-title":"Corticosteroids, nutrition, pentoxifylline, or fecal microbiota transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"37","author":"Philips","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.004","article-title":"Only in the darkness can you see the stars: severe alcoholic hepatitis and higher grades of acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"70","author":"Philips","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31496","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized clinical trial of fecal microbiota transplant for alcohol use disorder","volume":"73","author":"Bajaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(17)31878-0","volume":"66","author":"Philips","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)30865-5","article-title":"Role of fecal microbiota transplantation in severe alcoholic hepatitis: assessment of impact on prognosis and short-term outcomes","volume":"73","author":"Dhiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)30785-6","article-title":"Post-fecal microbiota transplant taxa correlate with 3-month survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis patients","volume":"73","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib80","first-page":"706A","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) improves outcome and survival in steroid ineligible severe alcoholic hepatitis-A randomized control trial (NCT 02458079)","volume":"64","author":"Philips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib81","first-page":"1A","article-title":"Single session fecal microbiota transplantation in decompensated cirrhosis: an initial experience of clinical endpoints. Oral Abstracts","volume":"72","author":"Dhiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027_bib82","first-page":"87","article-title":"Modulating the intestinal microbiota: therapeutic opportunities in liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Philips","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Transl Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0973688321002334?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0973688321002334?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:10:39Z","timestamp":1760854239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0973688321002334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0973688321002334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-6883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-6883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gut Barrier and Microbiota in Cirrhosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Indian National Association for Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}