{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:22:04Z","timestamp":1787664124569,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jcehepatology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T13:34:07Z","timestamp":1647869647000},"page":"1184-1199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Management of Portal Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1240-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand V.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atoosa","family":"Rabiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-8075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arpan","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00448","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease: two intertwined entities","volume":"7","author":"Idalsoaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6861","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i40.6861","article-title":"Management of hepatitis B and C in special population","volume":"27","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.05.022","article-title":"Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension","volume":"63","author":"de Franchis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.05.024","article-title":"Hepatic venous pressure\u00a0gradient predicts clinical decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis","volume":"133","author":"Ripoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28906","article-title":"Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"65","author":"Garcia-Tsao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"S1542\u20133565(21)","key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib6","first-page":"01136","article-title":"Decompensation in advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may occur at lower hepatic venous pressure gradient levels than in patients with viral\u00a0disease","author":"Bassegoda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-019-00446-4","article-title":"Non-invasive measurement of portal pressure","volume":"18","author":"Elmahdy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Hepatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.07.025","article-title":"A meta-analysis for the diagnostic performance of transient elastography for clinically significant portal hypertension","volume":"43","author":"You","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03701.x","article-title":"Transient elastography accurately predicts presence of significant portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Bureau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Baveno VII Faculty. Baveno VII - Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022 Apr;76(4):959-974. doi: 10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022. Epub 2021 Dec 30. PMID: 35120736.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.12.022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28824","article-title":"Noninvasive tools and risk of clinically significant portal hypertension and varices in compensated cirrhosis: the \"Anticipate\u201d study","volume":"64","author":"Abraldes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000994","article-title":"Noninvasive diagnosis of portal hypertension in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"116","author":"Pons","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W185","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18367","article-title":"Shear wave elastography as a quantitative biomarker of clinically significant portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Suh","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.035","article-title":"Measurement of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and the presence of esophageal varices in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis","volume":"143","author":"Colecchia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07223-8","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of spleen stiffness to evaluate portal hypertension and esophageal varices in chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib16","first-page":"39","article-title":"The pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.02.003","article-title":"Non-invasive evaluation of portal hypertension using ultrasound elastography","volume":"67","author":"Berzigotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2015.02.001","article-title":"Serum tests, liver stiffness and artificial neural networks for diagnosing cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Procopet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4202091","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4202091","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of portal hypertension in advanced chronic liver disease: an update","volume":"2018","author":"Ravaioli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001795","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, FI, king, lok, forns, and FibroIndex scores in predicting the presence of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Deng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03378.x","article-title":"Relationship between the Fibrotest and portal hypertension in patients with liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Thabut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13497","article-title":"Large oesophageal varice screening by a sequential algorithm using a cirrhosis blood\u00a0test and optionally capsule endoscopy","volume":"38","author":"Cal\u00e8s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01656-9","article-title":"The von Willebrand Factor antigen to platelet ratio (VITRO) score predicts hepatic decompensation and mortality in cirrhosis","volume":"55","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26700","article-title":"Indocyanine green retention test as a noninvasive marker of portal hypertension and esophageal varices in compensated liver cirrhosis","volume":"59","author":"Lisotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13070","article-title":"Relationship between indocyanine green retention test, decompensation and survival in patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis and portal hypertension","volume":"36","author":"Lisotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018181131","article-title":"Quantification of liver surface nodularity at CT: utility for detection of portal hypertension","volume":"289","author":"Sartoris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121769","article-title":"Chronic liver disease: noninvasive subharmonic aided pressure estimation of\u00a0hepatic venous pressure gradient","volume":"268","author":"Eisenbrey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.03.034","article-title":"Deep convolutional neural network-aided detection of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib29","first-page":"544","article-title":"Use of artificial neural network to predict esophageal varices in patients with HBV related cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepat Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308543","article-title":"Virtual portal pressure gradient from anatomic CT angiography","volume":"64","author":"Qi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10052-y","article-title":"Consensus recommendations of three-dimensional visualization for diagnosis and management of liver diseases","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies","volume":"44","author":"D'Amico","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.10.018","article-title":"A MELD-based model to determine risk of mortality among patients with acute variceal bleeding","volume":"146","author":"Reverter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14936","article-title":"Fresh frozen plasma transfusion in acute variceal haemorrhage: results from a multicentre cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Mohanty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196610062751403","article-title":"Effect of plasma-volume expansion on portal hypertension","volume":"275","author":"Boyer","year":"1966","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211801","article-title":"Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"368","author":"Villanueva","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.03.070","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update: coagulation in cirrhosis","volume":"157","author":"O'Leary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1666861","article-title":"Concepts and controversies in haemostasis and thrombosis associated with liver disease: proceedings of the 7th international coagulation in liver disease conference","volume":"118","author":"Intagliata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22216","article-title":"Recombinant factor VIIa for variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Bosch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270504","article-title":"Bacterial infection is independently associated with failure to control bleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage","volume":"27","author":"Goulis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2014.11.019","article-title":"Risk of bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal hemorrhage, based on child-pugh class, and effects of antibiotics","volume":"13","author":"Tandon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)05099-X","article-title":"Early administration of somatostatin and efficacy of sclerotherapy in acute oesophageal variceal bleeds: the European Acute Bleeding Oesophageal Variceal Episodes (ABOVE) randomised trial","volume":"350","author":"Avgerinos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05088.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: vasoactive medications for the management of acute variceal bleeds","volume":"35","author":"Wells","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27006","article-title":"Lack of difference among terlipressin, somatostatin, and octreotide in the control of acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage","volume":"60","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622321995771","article-title":"The role of pre-emptive Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in acute variceal bleeding: a\u00a0literature review","volume":"12","author":"Manning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.07.002","article-title":"News in pathophysiology, definition and classification of hepatorenal syndrome: a step beyond the International Club of Ascites (ICA) consensus document","volume":"71","author":"Angeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.024","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"69","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31884","article-title":"Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"74","author":"Biggins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26338","article-title":"Albumin: pathophysiologic basis of its role in the treatment of cirrhosis and its complications","volume":"58","author":"Garcia-Martinez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.035","article-title":"Association between grade of acute on chronic liver failure and response to terlipressin and albumin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Piano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib51","first-page":"A87","article-title":"IDDF2020-ABS-0192 Terlipressin non-response predicts mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure-a prospective cohort study","volume":"69","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib52","article-title":"Terlipressin versus placebo or no intervention for people with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Allegretti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14703","article-title":"Terlipressin has stood the test of time: clinical overview in 2020 and future perspectives","volume":"40","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23286","article-title":"Systematic review of randomized trials on vasoconstrictor drugs for hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Gluud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2008290","article-title":"Terlipressin plus albumin for the treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"384","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib56","series-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Terlipressin in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure with Acute Kidney Injury \u2013 A Prospective Cohort Study","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-233089","article-title":"Terlipressin-induced ischaemic skin necrosis","volume":"13","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27709","article-title":"Terlipressin plus albumin versus midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized trial","volume":"62","author":"Cavallin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 practice guideline by the American association for the study of liver diseases and the European association for the study of the liver","volume":"60","author":"Vilstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001450","article-title":"Combined PEG3350 plus lactulose results in early resolution of hepatic encephalopathy and improved 28-day survival in acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"56","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.219","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"108","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32255","article-title":"L-ornithine L-aspartate in acute treatment of severe hepatic encephalopathy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"75","author":"Jain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9846-1","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding","volume":"12","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31875-0","article-title":"\u03b2 blockers to prevent decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (PREDESCI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial","volume":"393","author":"Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.114062","article-title":"The effects of endoscopic variceal ligation and propranolol on portal hypertensive gastropathy: a prospective, controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Lo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300124","article-title":"Carvedilol, a new nonselective beta-blocker with intrinsic anti- Alpha1-adrenergic activity, has a greater portal hypotensive effect than propranolol in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Ba\u00f1ares","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812103392407","article-title":"Carvedilol","volume":"339","author":"Frishman","year":"1998","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-311735","article-title":"Carvedilol delays the progression of small oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001219","article-title":"Carvedilol combined with ivabradine improves left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, clinical progression, and survival in cirrhosis","volume":"54","author":"Premkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib70","article-title":"Current approaches to the treatment of gastric varices: glue, coil application, TIPS, and BRTO","volume":"55","author":"Goral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.031","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of gastric variceal bleeding comparing cyanoacrylate injection and beta-blockers: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Mishra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-021-10154-1","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of gastric variceal bleeding: endoscopic obturation, radiologic intervention, or observation?","volume":"15","author":"Choe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90063-X","article-title":"Propranolol--a medical treatment for portal hypertension?","volume":"2","author":"Lebrec","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50133","article-title":"Hemodynamic response to pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension and long-term prognosis of cirrhosis","volume":"37","author":"Abraldes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-016-9765-y","article-title":"Carvedilol versus propranolol effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient at 1 month in patients with index variceal bleed: RCT","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306502","article-title":"Non-selective \u03b2-blockers are associated with improved survival in patients with ascites listed for liver transplantation","volume":"64","author":"Leithead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13303","article-title":"Early TIPS versus endoscopic therapy for secondary prophylaxis after management of acute esophageal variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"31","author":"Halabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13593","article-title":"Early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in US patients hospitalized with acute esophageal variceal bleeding","volume":"32","author":"Njei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.024","article-title":"Rebleeding and mortality risk are increased by ACLF but reduced by pre-emptive TIPS","volume":"73","author":"Trebicka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.001","article-title":"Pre-emptive TIPS for acute variceal bleeding in acute-on-chronic liver failure: is there enough evidence for a routine recommendation?","volume":"73","author":"Elhence","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966591","article-title":"A prospective, randomized controlled trial of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus cyanoacrylate injection in the prevention of gastric variceal rebleeding","volume":"39","author":"Lo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.2.270","article-title":"The role of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) in the management of bleeding gastric varices: clinical and haemodynamic correlations","volume":"51","author":"Tripathi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001275","article-title":"Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for treatment of gastric varices because of portal hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Paleti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2013.02.002","article-title":"Vascular anatomy and the morphologic and hemodynamic classifications of gastric varices and spontaneous portosystemic shunts relevant to the BRTO procedure","volume":"16","author":"Saad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-018-0844-y","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil or glue injection in post-cyanoacrylate gastric variceal re-bleed","volume":"37","author":"Mukkada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.12.021","article-title":"Efficacy of non-selective \u03b2-blockers as adjunct to endoscopic prophylactic treatment for gastric variceal bleeding: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Hung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.192039","article-title":"Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection versus beta-blocker for secondary prophylaxis of gastric variceal bleed: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Mishra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib88","first-page":"42","article-title":"Pathophysiology and prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction: a concise review","volume":"8","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.176495","article-title":"Combined versus sequential diuretic treatment of ascites in non-azotaemic patients with cirrhosis: results of an open randomised clinical trial","volume":"59","author":"Angeli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2020.12.002","article-title":"Midodrine improves the tolerability of diuretics in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure-A pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.08.007","article-title":"Natural history of patients hospitalized for management of cirrhotic ascites","volume":"4","author":"Planas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13244","article-title":"Effect of loop diuretics on skeletal muscle depletion in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"49","author":"Hanai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib93","series-title":"The Challenges of Ascites Management\u2014An Indian Perspective","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-002073","article-title":"Ending TB in Southeast Asia: current resources are not enough","volume":"5","author":"Bhatia","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.09.003","article-title":"Tuberculosis in cirrhosis-A diagnostic and management conundrum","volume":"12","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31657","article-title":"Letter to the editor: living donor liver transplantation or deceased\u00a0donor liver transplantation in high model for end-stage liver disease score-which is better?","volume":"73","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib97","first-page":"92","article-title":"Prevention of paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction\u2014a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastro Hep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib98","first-page":"138","article-title":"Midodrine or albumin in paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction: author's reply","volume":"2","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastro Hep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2014.948053","article-title":"Beta-blockers in cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a retrospective cohort study and review of the literature","volume":"50","author":"Kimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.01.034","article-title":"Beta-blockers cause paracentesis-induced circulatory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: a cross-over study","volume":"55","author":"Serst\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.002","article-title":"Impact of cardiac function, refractory ascites and beta blockers on the outcome of patients with cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation","volume":"72","author":"Giannelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.04.027","article-title":"Midodrine in patients with cirrhosis and refractory or recurrent ascites: a randomized pilot study","volume":"56","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000743","article-title":"Rifaximin and midodrine improve clinical outcome in refractory ascites including renal function, weight loss, and short-term survival","volume":"28","author":"Hanafy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1159\/000503559","article-title":"Tolvaptan response improves overall survival in patients with refractory ascites: a meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Bellos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12025","article-title":"Meta-analysis: the safety and efficacy of vaptans (tolvaptan, satavaptan and lixivaptan) in cirrhosis with ascites or hyponatraemia","volume":"36","author":"Dahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0327-3","article-title":"Clinical pattern of tolvaptan-associated liver injury in subjects with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: analysis of clinical trials database","volume":"38","author":"Watkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.168","article-title":"Outpatient terlipressin infusion for the treatment of refractory ascites","volume":"111","author":"Gow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib108","first-page":"982","article-title":"[Observation of the therapeutic and characteristic effects of terlipressin on refractory cirrhotic ascites]","volume":"27","author":"Xing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13968","article-title":"Long-term administration of human albumin improves survival in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites","volume":"39","author":"Di Pascoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2704","article-title":"TIPS improves liver transplantation-free survival in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.09.016","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts with covered stents increase transplant-free survival of patients with cirrhosis and recurrent ascites","volume":"152","author":"Bureau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.06.010","article-title":"Alfapump\u00ae system vs. large volume paracentesis for refractory ascites: a multicenter randomized controlled study","volume":"67","author":"Bureau","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216316671281","article-title":"Palliative long-term abdominal drains in refractory ascites due to end-stage liver disease: a case series","volume":"31","author":"Macken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15802","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: palliative long-term abdominal drains vs large-volume paracentesis in refractory ascites due to cirrhosis","volume":"52","author":"Macken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31399","article-title":"Letter to the editor: sodium-Glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are not the magic Pills for control of ascites in cirrhosis and diabetes","volume":"73","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31270","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors ameliorate ascites and peripheral edema in patients with cirrhosis and diabetes","volume":"72","author":"Montalvo-Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000995","article-title":"Empagliflozin eliminates refractory ascites and hepatic hydrothorax in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"116","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.04.012","article-title":"Hepatogenous diabetes: a primer","volume":"11","author":"Nath","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31513","article-title":"Letter to the editor: midodrine for hepatic hydrothorax","volume":"73","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v9.i31.1197","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax: an update and review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Garbuzenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1159\/000490001","article-title":"Repeat thoracentesis in hepatic hydrothorax and non-hepatic hydrothorax effusions: a case-control study","volume":"96","author":"Shojaee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.634","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for symptomatic refractory hepatic hydrothorax in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"105","author":"Dhanasekaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31434","article-title":"Multidisciplinary management of hepatic hydrothorax in 2020: an evidence-based review and guidance","volume":"72","author":"Banini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.09.008","article-title":"Clinical implications, evaluation and management of Hyponatremia in cirrhosis","volume":"12","author":"Praharaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001488","article-title":"Targeted albumin therapy does not improve short-term outcome in hyponatremic patients hospitalized with complications of cirrhosis: data from the ATTIRE trial","volume":"116","author":"China","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0119-3","article-title":"The impact of albumin use on resolution of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis","volume":"113","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00017","article-title":"Treatment of cirrhosis-associated hyponatremia with midodrine and octreotide","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11400","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i32.11400","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of tolvaptan for treatment of refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis patients","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0857-0","article-title":"Tolvaptan treatment improves survival of cirrhotic patients with ascites and hyponatremia","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.0629-17","article-title":"Association between the serum sodium levels and the response to tolvaptan in liver cirrhosis patients with ascites and hyponatremia","volume":"57","author":"Hayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.790","article-title":"Approach to hyponatremia in cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Attar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1404489","article-title":"Disorders of plasma sodium--causes, consequences, and correction","volume":"372","author":"Sterns","year":"2015","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25454","article-title":"Impact of chronic kidney disease on outcomes in cirrhosis","volume":"25","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000557","article-title":"Pretransplant type 2 hepatorenal syndrome is associated with persistently impaired renal function after liver transplantation","volume":"99","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2020.00011","article-title":"Management of hepatorenal syndrome: a review","volume":"8","author":"Tariq","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i11.990","article-title":"Chronic renal dysfunction in cirrhosis: a new frontier in hepatology","volume":"27","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30859","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Maiwall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31529","article-title":"Response to terlipressin and albumin is associated with improved liver transplant outcomes in patients with hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Piano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1607","article-title":"Degree of portal and systemic hemodynamic alterations predict recurrent AKI and chronic kidney disease in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"5","author":"Maiwall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320221","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in the management of portal hypertension","volume":"69","author":"Tripathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06136-2","article-title":"Inpatient mortality benefit with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for hospitalized hepatorenal syndrome patients","volume":"65","author":"Charilaou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13388","article-title":"Simultaneous liver kidney transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Singal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.09.157","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with mortality in patients with cirrhosis independent of other extrahepatic organ failures","volume":"15","author":"Bajaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.05.056","article-title":"Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo","volume":"137","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"362","author":"Bass","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000603","article-title":"Important unresolved questions in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: an ISHEN consensus","volume":"115","author":"Bajaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001611","article-title":"Primary norfloxacin prophylaxis for APASL-defined acute-on-chronic liver failure: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial","volume":"117","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib148","article-title":"Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"2","author":"Dalal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29410","article-title":"L-ornithine L-aspartate in bouts of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"67","author":"Sidhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3462","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06644-4","article-title":"Intractable hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: mid-term efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde portosystemic shunt obliteration","volume":"30","author":"Mukund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.12.007","article-title":"Encephalopathy in cirrhosis: prevention and management","volume":"12","author":"Sahney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.06.065","article-title":"EUS-guided portal pressure gradient measurement in patients with acute or subacute portal hypertension","volume":"93","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.043","article-title":"Simvastatin lowers portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Abraldes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2021.101675","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of obeticholic acid in liver disease-A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib155","first-page":"40","article-title":"Drugs for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): quest for the holy grail","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26939","article-title":"Obeticholic acid, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, improves portal hypertension by two distinct pathways in cirrhotic rats","volume":"59","author":"Verbeke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0973688322000494?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0973688322000494?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:09:04Z","timestamp":1760854144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0973688322000494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0973688322000494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-6883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-6883","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management of Portal Hypertension","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Indian National Association for Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}