{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:48:20Z","timestamp":1783334900042,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","cysticfibrosisjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cystic Fibrosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T04:07:50Z","timestamp":1626408470000},"page":"146-154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Short extension to multiple breath washout provides additional signal of distal airway disease in people with CF: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3131-7639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Short","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gardener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3506-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane C.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2013.09.005","article-title":"Lung clearance index: evidence for use in clinical trials in cystic fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Kent","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cystic Fibrosis"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.rsaa-2","article-title":"The physiology of small airways","volume":"157","author":"Macklem","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.1.172","article-title":"Volume of trapped gas in lungs of healthy humans","volume":"51","author":"Christensson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02713993","article-title":"The volume of trapped gas in healthy children aged 7\u201316","volume":"156","author":"Svenonius","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950170410","article-title":"Pneumotachographic nitrogen washout method for measurement of the volume of trapped gas in the lungs","volume":"17","author":"Gustafsson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000193921","article-title":"Changes in volume of trapped gas in the lungs during provoked asthma followed by beta-2 receptor stimulation","volume":"36","author":"B\u00fclow","year":"1978","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1159\/000194281","article-title":"Lung function in cystic fibrosis: acute effect of salbutamol","volume":"40","author":"Svenonius","year":"1980","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30215-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lumacaftor and ivacaftor in patients aged 6-11 years with cystic fibrosis homozygous for F508del-CFTR: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"5","author":"Ratjen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0153OC","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ivacaftor in patients aged 6 to 11 years with cystic fibrosis with a G551D mutation","volume":"187","author":"Davies","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-42382-7","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00069712","article-title":"Consensus statement for inert gas washout measurement using multiple- and single- breath tests","volume":"41","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201606-448FR","article-title":"The clinical significance of collateral ventilation","volume":"13","author":"Terry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thoracic Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1971.51.2.368","article-title":"Airway obstruction and collateral ventilation","volume":"51","author":"Macklem","year":"1971","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2016.12.008","article-title":"Chest imaging in CF studies: what counts, and can be counted?","volume":"16","author":"Szczesniak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. an official american thoracic society and european respiratory society technical statement","volume":"200","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","article-title":"Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3\u201395 year age range: the global lung function 2012 equations","volume":"40","author":"Quanjer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.11.006","article-title":"Integrating the multiple breath washout test into international multicentre trials","volume":"19","author":"Saunders","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01302-2019","article-title":"Normative data for multiple breath washout outcomes in school-aged caucasian children","volume":"55","author":"Anagnostopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2017.08.004","article-title":"Variability of lung clearance index in clinically stable cystic fibrosis lung disease in school age children","volume":"17","author":"Svedberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cystic Fibrosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2017.11.007","article-title":"Variability of monthly nitrogen multiple-breath washout during one year in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Green","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cystic Fibrosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.01.025","article-title":"Lung clearance index in the assessment of airways disease","volume":"103","author":"Horsley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00211914","article-title":"Lung clearance index in cystic fibrosis subjects treated for pulmonary exacerbations","volume":"46","author":"Sonneveld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0893OC","article-title":"Comparison of Lung Clearance Index and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Lung Disease in Children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"195","author":"Stahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20879","article-title":"Annual assessment spirometry, plethysmography, and gas transfer in cystic fibrosis: do they predict death or transplantation","volume":"43","author":"Rosenthal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23754","article-title":"Air trapping in early cystic fibrosis lung disease\u2014Does CT tell the full story?","volume":"52","author":"Rosenow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00858-2020","article-title":"The differing physiology of nitrogen and tracer gas multiple-breath washout techniques","volume":"7","author":"Sandhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24646","article-title":"Mucus plugging, air trapping, and bronchiectasis are important outcome measures in assessing progressive childhood cystic fibrosis lung disease","volume":"55","author":"Robinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-138","article-title":"Progression of pulmonary hyperinflation and trapped gas associated with genetic and environmental factors in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Kraemer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24818","article-title":"Horses for courses: learning from functional tests of pulmonary health?","volume":"55","author":"Short","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2013.05.012","article-title":"Improved air trapping evaluation in chest computed tomography in children with cystic fibrosis using real-time spirometric monitoring and biofeedback","volume":"12","author":"Kongstad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20018525.2017.1318027","article-title":"Association between spirometry controlled chest CT scores using computer-animated biofeedback and clinical markers of lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"4","author":"Kongstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5383-5","article-title":"Volumetric dynamic oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI): comparison with CT brody score and lung function in cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"28","author":"Martini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cystic Fibrosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569199321012984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569199321012984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T21:44:51Z","timestamp":1761601491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569199321012984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1569199321012984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-1993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-1993","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Short extension to multiple breath washout provides additional signal of distal airway disease in people with CF: A pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cystic Fibrosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.06.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 European Cystic Fibrosis Society. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}