{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:28:44Z","timestamp":1789165724067,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,1]],"date-time":"2007-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]],"date-time":"2007-01-25T10:06:10Z","timestamp":1169719570000},"page":"461-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pulmonary intra-alveolar hemorrhage in SIDS and suffocation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Henry F.","family":"Krous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth A.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.234","article-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome and unclassified sudden infant deaths: a definitional and diagnostic approach","volume":"114","author":"Krous","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.4.661","article-title":"Trends in postneonatal aspiration deaths and reclassification of sudden infant death syndrome: impact of the \u201cBack to Sleep\u201d program","volume":"109","author":"Malloy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib3","series-title":"Sudden death in infancy, childhood and adolescence","author":"Byard","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-005-0538-8","article-title":"Unnatural causes of sudden unexpected deaths initially thought to be sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Bajanowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-004-0458-z","article-title":"Three subsequent infanticides covered up as SIDS","volume":"119","author":"Bohnert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.1.7","article-title":"Unnatural sudden infant death","volume":"80","author":"Meadow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198806000-00004","article-title":"Nonnatural death masquerading as SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)","volume":"9","author":"Perrot","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/00313029700169554","article-title":"Intra-alveolar pulmonary siderophages in sudden infant death: a marker for previous imposed suffocation","volume":"29","author":"Becroft","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.85.2.116","article-title":"Nasal and intrapulmonary haemorrhage in sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Becroft","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200106000-00016","article-title":"Pulmonary hemorrhage in deceased infants: baseline data for further study of infant mortality","volume":"22","author":"Hanzlick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200012000-00004","article-title":"Pulmonary hemosiderin in deceased infants: baseline data for further study of infant mortality","volume":"21","author":"Hanzlick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200212000-00012","article-title":"Pulmonary siderophages and unexpected infant death","volume":"23","author":"Schluckebier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.8.581","article-title":"Intra-alveolar haemorrhage in sudden infant death syndrome: a cause for concern?","volume":"52","author":"Yukawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2350\/08-05-0088.1","article-title":"Pulmonary intra-alveolar siderophages in SIDS and suffocation: A San Diego SIDS\/SUDC Research Project Report","volume":"9","author":"Krous","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559506289586","article-title":"Child protective services referrals in cases of sudden infant death: a 10-year, population-based analysis in San Diego County, California","volume":"11","author":"Krous","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-200112000-00003","article-title":"Oronasal blood in sudden infant death","volume":"22","author":"Krous","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30426-3","article-title":"The sudden infant death syndrome: pathologic findings","volume":"19","author":"Valdes-Dapena","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.8.553","article-title":"Intra-alveolar haemorrhage in sudden infant death syndrome: a cause for concern?","volume":"52","author":"Berry","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib19","first-page":"394","article-title":"Pulmonary haemorrhage in sudden unexpected death in infancy","volume":"2","author":"Potter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.5.735","article-title":"Covert video recordings of life-threatening child abuse: lessons for child protection","volume":"100","author":"Southall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198303000-00013","article-title":"Pulmonary petechiae: ventilatory\u2013circulatory interactions","volume":"17","author":"Farber","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib22","first-page":"77","article-title":"The microscopic distribution of intrathoracic petechiae in sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Krous","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib23","first-page":"75","article-title":"A necropsy study of distribution of petechiae in non-sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"108","author":"Krous","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.70.4.291","article-title":"Reduction in mortality from sudden infant death syndrome in New Zealand:1986\u201392","volume":"70","author":"Mitchell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)80126-0","article-title":"Prone sleep position and the sudden infant death syndrome in King County, Washington: a case-control study","volume":"128","author":"Taylor","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib26","series-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome: problems, progress & possibilities","first-page":"31","article-title":"Changing epidemiology","author":"Hauck","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S1.1207","article-title":"Sleep environment and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome in an urban population: the Chicago Infant Mortality Study","volume":"111","author":"Hauck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E41","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.3.e41","article-title":"Unsafe sleep practices and an analysis of bedsharing among infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly: results of a four-year, population-based, death-scene investigation study of sudden infant death syndrome and related deaths","volume":"106","author":"Kemp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib29","unstructured":"Hauck F. Bedsharing: review of epidemiologic data examing links to SIDS. Paper presented at: infant sleep environment and SIDS risk conference; January 9\u201310, 1997; Bethesda, MD."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for death scene investigation of sudden, unexplained infant deaths: recommendations of the interagency panel on sudden infant death syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Iyasu","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004_bib31","series-title":"Sudden infant death syndrome: problems, progress and possibilities","first-page":"319","article-title":"International standardized autopsy protocol for sudden unexpected infant death. Appendix I","author":"Krous","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1353113106002173?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1353113106002173?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:47:14Z","timestamp":1761184034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1353113106002173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1353113106002173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pulmonary intra-alveolar hemorrhage in SIDS and suffocation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcfm.2006.10.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier Ltd and FFLM. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}