{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:52:11Z","timestamp":1788630731506,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,9]],"date-time":"2008-11-09T10:06:25Z","timestamp":1226225185000},"page":"65-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Histo- and immunocytochemical detection of inducible NOS and TNF-\u03b1 in the locus coeruleus of human opiate addicts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Dyuizen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.E.","family":"Lamash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.03.059","article-title":"Attenuation of morphine tolerance and dependence by aminoguanidine in mice","volume":"540","author":"Abdel-Zaher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90186-4","article-title":"Opiate withdrawal increases glutamate and aspartate efflux in the locus coeruleus: an in vivo microdialysis study","volume":"634","author":"Aghajanian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6480","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06480.2001","article-title":"Inflammatory neurodegeneration mediated by nitric oxide from activated glia-inhibiting neuronal respiration, causing glutamate release and excitotoxicity","volume":"21","author":"Bal-Price","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib4","first-page":"691","article-title":"M2 muscarinic receptor of spinal cord mediated increase of nNOS expression in locus coeruleus during morphine withdrawal","volume":"23","author":"Chou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(97)01045-6","article-title":"Where is the locus in opioid withdrawal?","volume":"18","author":"Christie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050026","article-title":"Up-regulation of neuronal NO synthase immunoreactivity in opiate dependence and withdrawal","volume":"148","author":"Cuellar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00148.x","article-title":"Hair morphine concentrations of fatal heroin overdose cases and living heroin users","volume":"97","author":"Darke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00490-5","article-title":"The role of neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation in persistent pain","volume":"90","author":"DeLeo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/35000212","article-title":"Noradrenaline in the ventral forebrain is critical for opiate withdrawal-induced aversion","volume":"403","author":"Delfs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.035","article-title":"Pathological consequences of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in hippocampal slice cultures","volume":"135","author":"Duport","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurocsience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NEAB.0000028295.15502.2b","article-title":"NO-ergic neurons of the cervical nucleus of the rat brain in normal conditions and after administration of opiates","volume":"34","author":"Dyuizen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Behav. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10945","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.22.10945","article-title":"Induction of calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase activity in primary rat glial cultures","volume":"89","author":"Galea","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00343-2","article-title":"The interaction between IL-1b and morphine: possible mechanism of the deficiency of morphine-induced analgesia in diabetic mice","volume":"89","author":"Gul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00345-X","article-title":"Excitatory action of N-methyl-d-aspartate on the rat locus coeruleus is mediated by nitric oxide: an in vivo voltammetric study","volume":"796","author":"Hall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00246-6","article-title":"Expression and function of inducible nitric oxide synthase in neurons","volume":"114","author":"Heneka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.7.2811","article-title":"Neuronal NADPH diaphorase is a nitric oxide synthase","volume":"88","author":"Hope","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199611250-00006","article-title":"Activation of nitric-oxide synthesizing neurons during precipitated morphine withdrawal","volume":"25","author":"Jamandas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10074-6","article-title":"Bright and dark sides of nitric oxide in ischemic brain injury","volume":"20","author":"Iadecola","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199911000-00006","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the Alzheimer disease hippocampus: association with Hirano bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, and senileplaques","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00168639","article-title":"Correlation between brain nitric oxide synthase activity and opiate withdrawal","volume":"353","author":"Leza","year":"1996","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/70978","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegenerationin the MPTP model of Parkinson disease","volume":"5","author":"Liberatore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64677-9","article-title":"Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"158","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199708180-00020","article-title":"Chronic morphine increases biosynthesis of nitric oxide synthase in the rat spinal cord","volume":"8","author":"Machelska","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.58","article-title":"Molecular and cellular basis of addiction","volume":"278","author":"Nestler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00158-4","article-title":"Molecular control of locus coeruleus neurotransmission","volume":"46","author":"Nestler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.740785.x","article-title":"Chronic stress induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat brain cortex","volume":"74","author":"Olivenza","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.2.457","article-title":"Nitric oxide production and neurotoxicity mediated by activated microglia from human versus mouse brain","volume":"170","author":"Peterson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00222-1","article-title":"The opioid-cytokine connection","volume":"83","author":"Peterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01389.1996","article-title":"Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide activate locus coeruleus neurons through a cGMP-dependent protein kinase: involvement of a nonselective cationic channel","volume":"16","author":"Pineda","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9980","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-22-09980.2002","article-title":"The role of spinal neuroimmune activation in morphine tolerance\/hyperalgesia in neuropathic and sham-operated rats","volume":"22","author":"Raghavendra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00165-O","article-title":"Primary astroglial cultures derived from several brain regions differentially express mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor mRNA","volume":"34","author":"Ruzicka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01370-7","article-title":"iNOS and nitrotyrosine-immunoreactivity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"291","author":"Sasaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(00)00226-1","article-title":"The involvement of glial cells in the development of morphine tolerance","volume":"39","author":"Song","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10101-5","article-title":"Death from heroin overdose: findings from hair analysis","volume":"351","author":"Tagliaro","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.3.2","article-title":"Opioids as modulators of cell death and survival\u2014inraveling mechanisms and revealing new indications","volume":"56","author":"Tegeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)00061-7","article-title":"Further in-vivo studies on attenuating morphine withdrawal; isoform-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitors differ in efficacy","volume":"324","author":"Vaupel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9479612.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of fatal opioid overdose","volume":"94","author":"Vhite","year":"1999","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib39","first-page":"299","article-title":"Cellular and synaptic adaptations mediating opioid dependence","volume":"81","author":"Willams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229111","article-title":"A functional role for nitric oxide in locus coeruleus: immunohistochemical and electrophysiological studies","volume":"98","author":"Xu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891061808001245?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891061808001245?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T06:03:34Z","timestamp":1557900214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891061808001245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891061808001245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2008.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-0618"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-0618","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}