{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:33:55Z","timestamp":1786991635150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Chromatography B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T17:42:55Z","timestamp":1726162975000},"page":"124303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identification of fentanyl analogs and potential biomarkers in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole\/time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q\/TOF-MS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1247","author":[{"given":"Madison","family":"Schackmuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kerrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00238","article-title":"Metabolic pathways and potencies of new fentanyl analogs","volume":"10","author":"Wilde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.12.005","article-title":"Fentanyl: receptor pharmacology, abuse potential, and implications for treatment","volume":"106","author":"Comer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2010.525514","article-title":"Fentanyl in postmortem forensic toxicology","volume":"48","author":"Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0020","series-title":"Provisional drug overdose death counts","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0025","volume":"1999\u20132016","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0030","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime., Booklet 3 - Drug market trends of cannabis and opioids. (2022) Available at: https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/res\/wdr2022\/MS\/WDR22_Booklet_3.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.10.016","article-title":"Invited review fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: a comprehensive review","volume":"134","author":"Armenian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0040","first-page":"200","article-title":"Furanyl-fentanyl overdose events caused by smoking contaminated crack cocaine \u2014 British Columbia, Canada, July 15\u201318, 2016","volume":"36","author":"Klar","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.07.017","article-title":"The potential threat of acetyl fentanyl: legal issues, contaminated heroin, and acetyl fentanyl \u201cdisguised\u201d as other opioids","volume":"64","author":"Stogner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2046","article-title":"Identification of a new psychoactive substance in seized material: the synthetic opioid N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)piperidin-4-yl]prop-2-enamide (Acrylfentanyl)","volume":"9","author":"Breindahl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.020","article-title":"Initial results of a drug checking pilot program to detect fentanyl adulteration in a Canadian setting","volume":"190","author":"Tupper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/34.4.260","article-title":"A review of the chemical features associated with strong morphine-like activity","volume":"34","author":"Janssen","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0065","unstructured":"(2004) Synthesis of fentanyl. https:\/\/erowid.org\/archive\/rhodium\/chemistry\/fentanyl.html (accessed August 2017)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3184\/030823405774309078","article-title":"A convenient one pot synthesis of fentanyl","volume":"36","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2010.03.120","article-title":"Ugi reaction for the synthesis of 4-aminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives. Application to the Synthesis of Carfentanil and Remifentanil","volume":"51","author":"Malaquin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108250","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108250","article-title":"An efficient, optimized synthesis of fentanyl and related analogs","volume":"9","author":"Valdez","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/31.8.486","article-title":"Urine pH: effects of time and temperature after collection","volume":"31","author":"Cook","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0090","first-page":"106","article-title":"Intravenous fentanyl kinetics","volume":"28","author":"McClain","year":"1980","journal-title":"CPT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0095","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Fentanyl metabolism by human hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4: implications for interindividual variability in disposition, efficacy, and drug interactions","volume":"25","author":"Labroo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0070-z","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo metabolite identification studies for the new synthetic opioids acetylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, furanylfentanyl, and 4-fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl","volume":"19","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-016-9963-5","article-title":"Metabolism of carfentanil, an ultra-potent opioid, in human liver microsomes and human hepatocytes by high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"18","author":"Feasel","year":"2016","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00765","article-title":"Metabolism of butyrylfentanyl in fresh human hepatocytes: chemical synthesis of authentic metabolite standards for definitive identification","volume":"42","author":"Kanamori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz081","article-title":"Metabolite profiling of ortho-, meta- and para-fluorofentanyl by hepatocytes and high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"44","author":"Gundersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-018-2330-9","volume":"93","author":"\u00c5strand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2111","article-title":"Studies on the metabolism of the fentanyl-derived designer drug butyrfentanyl in human in vitro liver preparations and authentic human samples using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS)","volume":"9","author":"Steuer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2018.03.004","article-title":"Direct-infusion electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry profiling of fentanyl and acetylfentanyl reaction mixtures","volume":"428","author":"McBride","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0135","article-title":"Investigating the chemical impurity profiles of fentanyl preparations and precursors to identify chemical attribution signatures for synthetic method attribution","volume":"321","author":"Ovenden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fors. Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.04.004","article-title":"Forced degradation of fentanyl: identification and analysis of impurities and degradants","volume":"53","author":"Garg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab064","article-title":"Recommendations for toxicological investigation of drug-impaired driving and motor vehicle fatalities-2021 update","volume":"45","author":"D'Orazio","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0150","article-title":"Standard for the analytical scope and sensitivity of forensic toxicological testing of urine in drug facilitated crime investigations","volume":"121","author":"American Academy of Forensic Sciences Standards Board","year":"2021","journal-title":"ANSI\/ASB Standard"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0155","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration, NFLIS-Drug 2022 Annual Report. (2023) Available at: https:\/\/www.nflis.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/publicationsRedesign.xhtml."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124059","article-title":"A quantitative LC-MS\/MS analysis of xylazine, p-fluorofentanyl, fentanyl and fentanyl-related compounds in postmortem blood","volume":"1237","author":"Truver","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2263","article-title":"Application of a screening method for fentanyl and its analogues using UHPLC-QTOF-MS with data-independent acquisition (DIA) in MSE mode and retrospective analysis of authentic forensic blood samples","volume":"10","author":"Noble","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx050","article-title":"Two hospitalizations and one death after exposure to ortho-fluorofentanyl","volume":"41","author":"Helland","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2393","article-title":"Analysis of fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids in blood, serum\/plasma, and urine in forensic casework","volume":"10","author":"Moody","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac014","article-title":"Toxicological analysis of fluorofentanyl isomers in postmortem blood","volume":"46","author":"Truver","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.M. Sacha, I.C. Willis, V.L. McGuffin, R. Waddell Smith, Identifying reliable ions for the statistical differentiation of structurally similar fentanyl analogs, J. Forensic. Sci. 68 (2023) 1527\u20131541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15300.","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15300"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2018.06.001","article-title":"Mass spectral differentiation of positional isomers using multivariate statistics","volume":"9","author":"Bonetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forc.2022.100425","article-title":"Utility of gas chromatography infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR) for the differentiation of positional isomers of fentanyl related substances","volume":"29","author":"Ferguson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forensic Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1054505","article-title":"Opioid intoxications involving butyrfentanyl, 4-fluorobutyrfentanyl, and fentanyl from the Swedish STRIDA project","volume":"53","author":"B\u00e4ckberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00184","article-title":"Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for quantifying fentanyl and 22 analogs and metabolites in whole blood, urine, and hair","volume":"7","author":"Busard\u00f2","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx049","article-title":"Confirmation of carfentanil, U-47700 and other synthetic opioids in a human performance case by LC-MS-MS","volume":"41","author":"Seither","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.M. Swanson, L.S. Hair, S.R. Strauch Rivers, B.C. Smyth, S.C. Brogan, A.D. Ventoso, S.L. Vaccaro, J.M. Pearson, Fatalities involving carfentanil and furanyl fentanyl: two case reports, J Anal Toxicol, 41 (2017) 498-502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkx037.","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx037"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bky013","article-title":"Anodyne by design: measuring the prevalence of esoteric designer opioids in pain management patients","volume":"42","author":"Goggin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0225","article-title":"Multiplex detection of 14 fentanyl analogues and U-47700 in biological samples: application to a panel of French hospitalized patients","volume":"317","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fors Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0230","first-page":"4394","article-title":"Determination of nine new fentanyl analogues and metabolites in consumers\u2019 urine by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"25","author":"Mannocchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkae003","article-title":"Fentanyl as a marker of illicit drug use in morphine-positive urine specimens from workplace drug testing","volume":"48","author":"Vikingsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/30.5.335","article-title":"Analysis of 13 fentanils, including sufentanil and carfentanil, in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric-pressure ionization-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1040-y","article-title":"Quantitative low-volume assay for simultaneous determination of fentanyl, norfentanyl, and minor metabolites in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS)","volume":"128","author":"Mahlke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Leg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.05.025","article-title":"Comparison of two automated solid phase extractions for the detection of ten fentanyl analogs and metabolites in human urine using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"962","author":"Shaner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.10.021","article-title":"Postmortem tissue distribution of acetyl fentanyl, fentanyl and their respective nor-metabolites analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"257","author":"Poklis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fors. Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw048","article-title":"Two fatal intoxications involving butyryl fentanyl","volume":"40","author":"Poklis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Allibe, N. Fouilhe Sam-Lai, T. Willeman, J.F. Jourdil, M. Bartoli, M. Mallaret, B. Nemoz, F. Stanke-Labesque, H. Eysseric-Guerin, Norcarfentanil: carfentanil misuse or remifentanil treatment?, Forensic Toxicol, 37 (2019) 488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11419-019-00481-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-019-00481-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2020.461241","article-title":"Miniaturized extraction method for analysis of synthetic opioids in urine by microextraction with packed sorbent and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1624","author":"da Cunha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkab021","article-title":"Determination of fentanyl, alpha-methylfentanyl, beta-hydroxyfentanyl and the metabolite norfentanyl in rat urine by LC-MS-MS","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/28.2.135","article-title":"Strychnine overdose Followign ingestion of gopher bait","volume":"28","author":"Lindsey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15324","article-title":"Lipophilicity of fentalogs: comparison of experimental and computationally derived data","volume":"68","author":"Schackmuth","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0290","unstructured":"American Academy of Forensic Sciences Standards Board. (2019) Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology ANSI\/ASB Best Practice Recommendation 036."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Schackmuth, S. Kerrigan, Temperature and pH-dependent Stability: Identifying fentalog degradation pathways, J. Forensic Sci. 69 (2024) 1799\u20131814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15578.","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15578"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.03.018","article-title":"LC-MS\/MS analysis of fentanyl and norfentanyl in a fatality due to application of multiple Durogesic transdermal therapeutic systems","volume":"169","author":"Coopman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fors. Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00029a008","article-title":"Metabolism of nicotine by human liver microsomes: stereoselective formation of trans-nicotine N'-oxide","volume":"5","author":"Cashman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(95)00060-V","article-title":"Thermal degradation of clozapine-N-oxide to clozapine during gas chromatographic analysis","volume":"95","author":"Markowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.623","article-title":"Distinguishing N-oxide and hydroxyl compounds: impact of heated capillary\/heated ion transfer tube in inducing atmospheric pressure ionization source decompositions","volume":"39","author":"Peiris","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9911692","article-title":"Liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry methods for distinguishing N-oxides from hydroxylated compounds","volume":"72","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6493","article-title":"Behavior of N-oxide derivatives in atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"27","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."}],"container-title":["Journal of Chromatography B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S157002322400312X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S157002322400312X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T18:21:39Z","timestamp":1737310899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S157002322400312X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S157002322400312X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303","relation":{},"ISSN":["1570-0232"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1570-0232","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of fentanyl analogs and potential biomarkers in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole\/time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q\/TOF-MS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Chromatography B","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchromb.2024.124303","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124303"}}